Coriolanus
by
William Shakespeare
Coriolanus is a tragedy that tells the story of a Roman general named Caius Marcius Coriolanus, who is renowned for his military prowess and bravery. The play is set in ancient Rome during a time of political unrest and social upheaval.
Coriolanus is a proud and arrogant man who despises the common people and believes that they are unworthy of his respect. He is particularly disdainful of the tribunes, who are elected officials that represent the interests of the plebeians.
When Coriolanus is nominated for the position of consul, he is met with opposition from the tribunes, who fear that he will use his power to oppress the common people. Coriolanus responds to their objections with contempt and anger, which only serves to fuel their animosity towards him.
As the political situation in Rome becomes increasingly volatile, Coriolanus is banished from the city and forced to flee for his life. He seeks refuge with his former enemies, the Volscians, and begins to plot his revenge against Rome.
In the end, Coriolanus is persuaded to spare the city by his mother, but he is assassinated by the Volscians, who see him as a traitor. The play ends with the tribunes reflecting on the tragic consequences of their actions and mourning the loss of a great warrior.
Act I
Act 1 of Coriolanus begins in Rome, where the citizens are protesting against the ruling class and the shortage of food. The wealthy patricians, including Menenius, attempt to quell the riots through diplomacy and rhetoric.
Meanwhile, a military hero named Coriolanus returns to Rome after a victorious battle against the Volscians. He is greeted by a crowd of admirers, but his pride and arrogance quickly turn the citizens against him.
Coriolanus is nominated for consul, the highest position in Rome, but he must first win the support of the plebeians. He reluctantly goes before them to ask for their votes, but his lack of tact and disdain for the common people only further inflame their anger.
In an attempt to win over the plebeians, Coriolanus's mother Volumnia and his friends urge him to adopt a more humble demeanor. However, his stubbornness and contempt for the plebeians ultimately lead to his banishment from Rome.
Act 1 sets the stage for the conflict between the patricians and the plebeians, as well as the personal struggle within Coriolanus himself. It also explores themes of pride, honor, and the tension between the individual and the state.
SCENE I. Rome. A street.
Scene 1 of Act 1 begins with a group of Roman citizens complaining about the lack of food and the high prices. They blame the patricians, the wealthy class, for hoarding the grain and causing the shortage. They decide to march to the Senate and demand that the patricians share their grain. Soon after, the patricians arrive and attempt to calm the angry citizens. However, the citizens are not satisfied and demand that one of their own, Caius Marcius, be their leader and fight for their rights. Marcius enters the scene and is initially reluctant to take on the leadership role, but eventually agrees to do so. Menenius, a patrician, tries to reason with the citizens and explains that the patricians have been giving them grain for free, but the citizens are still not satisfied. Marcius becomes angry with the citizens and insults them, which only makes the situation worse. The citizens then decide to exile Marcius from Rome. The scene ends with Marcius leaving Rome, vowing to seek revenge against the citizens for their mistreatment of him and their lack of loyalty to Rome.
Enter a company of mutinous Citizens, with staves, clubs, and other weapons
Enter MENENIUS AGRIPPA
Enter a Messenger, hastily
Enter COMINIUS, TITUS LARTIUS, and other Senators; JUNIUS BRUTUS and SICINIUS VELUTUS
Citizens steal away. Exeunt all but SICINIUS and BRUTUS
Exeunt
SCENE II. Corioli. The Senate-house.
Scene 2 of Act 1 of this play begins with a group of citizens who are unhappy with the state of affairs in Rome. They are complaining about the lack of food and the high taxes that they are being forced to pay. They are angry with the patricians and feel that they are being treated unfairly. Two tribunes of the people, Brutus and Sicinius, enter the scene and try to calm the citizens down. They tell the citizens that they will try to help them and that they should have faith in them. However, Menenius, a patrician, enters the scene and tries to defend the patricians. He tells the citizens that they should be grateful for what they have and that the patricians are not as bad as they seem. He also tells them a story about a body and its various parts to illustrate his point. Despite Menenius' efforts, the citizens are still unhappy and demand that they be given more say in the government. The tribunes agree to help them and promise to raise their concerns with the senate. Overall, Scene 2 of Act 1 sets the stage for the conflict between the patricians and the plebeians that will come to define the play. It also introduces several key characters, including the tribunes and Menenius, who will play important roles as the plot unfolds.
Enter TULLUS AUFIDIUS and certain Senators
Exeunt
SCENE III. Rome. A room in Marcius' house.
In Scene 3 of Act 1 of Coriolanus, the protagonist returns from a successful battle against the Volscians and is met by his political rival, Sicinius Velutus. Velutus attempts to manipulate the crowd into turning against Coriolanus, accusing him of seeking power and glory for himself rather than for Rome. Coriolanus defends himself, insisting that he fought for Rome and not for his own benefit. However, his arrogance and disdain for the common people only serve to further alienate him from the crowd. Brutus, another politician and friend of Coriolanus, attempts to intervene and calm the situation. He suggests that Coriolanus be given a chance to explain himself further, but Velutus insists that he be banished from Rome. The crowd is ultimately swayed by Velutus' persuasive rhetoric and they call for Coriolanus' banishment. Despite his protests and the support of some of his fellow soldiers, Coriolanus is exiled from Rome. This scene highlights the political tensions and power struggles within Rome, as well as the character flaws of Coriolanus. It sets the stage for the rest of the play, as Coriolanus seeks revenge against Rome and allies himself with the Volscians.
Enter VOLUMNIA and VIRGILIA they set them down on two low stools, and sew
Enter a Gentlewoman
Exit Gentlewoman
Enter VALERIA, with an Usher and Gentlewoman
Exeunt
SCENE IV. Before Corioli.
In Scene 4 of Act 1, a group of citizens gather to discuss their grievances with the leadership of Rome. They are upset with the way their leaders have been handling the city's affairs and are looking for someone to champion their cause. They begin to talk about a man named Coriolanus, who is known for his bravery in battle but is also seen as arrogant and out of touch with the common people. One citizen suggests that they should make Coriolanus their leader, but another argues that he is not fit to govern because he lacks the empathy and understanding necessary to lead a diverse group of people. They debate the merits of different leaders and eventually decide to support a man named Martius, who they believe will be a fair and just ruler. The scene highlights the tension between the ruling class and the common people in Rome, as well as the importance of leadership and empathy in governing a society. It also foreshadows the conflict that will arise between Coriolanus and the citizens of Rome, as they struggle to reconcile their admiration for his military prowess with their distrust of his personality and motives.
Enter, with drum and colours, MARCIUS, TITUS LARTIUS, Captains and Soldiers. To them a Messenger
Enter the army of the Volsces
Alarum. The Romans are beat back to their trenches. Re-enter MARCIUS cursing
Enters the gates
MARCIUS is shut in
Alarum continues
Re-enter TITUS LARTIUS
Re-enter MARCIUS, bleeding, assaulted by the enemy
They fight, and all enter the city
SCENE V. Corioli. A street.
Scene 5 of Act 1 of Coriolanus opens with a meeting between the citizens of Rome and the patricians, or nobles. The citizens are angry with the patricians for hoarding grain during a famine, and they demand that the patricians distribute the grain to the people. The patricians, led by Menenius, try to calm the citizens down and explain why they cannot simply give away all of the grain. However, their efforts are in vain, as the citizens become more and more agitated. A man named Sicinius suggests that the citizens elect tribunes to represent their interests and protect them from the patricians. Menenius is skeptical of this idea, but the citizens are enthusiastic, and they elect Sicinius and his colleague Brutus as their tribunes. Menenius warns the tribunes that they must be careful not to abuse their power, but the citizens cheer them on. The scene ends with the patricians and the citizens still at odds, setting the stage for the conflict that will drive the rest of the play.
Enter certain Romans, with spoils
Alarum continues still afar off
Enter MARCIUS and TITUS LARTIUS with a trumpet
Exeunt
SCENE VI. Near the camp of Cominius.
Scene 6 of Act 1 of "Coriolanus" sees the protagonist, a Roman general named Coriolanus, return home from a successful military campaign against the Volscians. He is greeted by his wife, Virgilia, and his mother, Volumnia, who are overjoyed by his victory. However, Coriolanus is uncomfortable with their praise and attention, and he quickly becomes irritable when they try to engage him in conversation. He complains about the crowds of people who have come to see him, calling them "idle creatures" who are unworthy of his attention. His mother, who is proud of his military achievements and hopes that he will use his popularity to advance his political career, is incensed by his dismissive attitude. She tries to reason with him, but he becomes even more agitated and eventually storms out of the room. Virgilia and Volumnia are left alone to discuss Coriolanus's behavior. They are worried about his temper and his lack of political ambition. Volumnia believes that he has the potential to become a great leader, but she fears that his pride and stubbornness will hold him back. Virgilia, on the other hand, is more concerned about his emotional well-being. She loves him deeply and wants him to be happy, but she knows that he is deeply unhappy with his life in Rome. The scene ends with Volumnia and Virgilia both feeling frustrated and uncertain about Coriolanus's future. They know that he is a great warrior, but they are not sure if he has what it takes to succeed in the political arena. They also know that he is deeply conflicted about his role in Roman society, and they fear that his dissatisfaction will lead him down a dangerous path.
Enter COMINIUS, as it were in retire, with soldiers
Enter MARCIUS
Exeunt
SCENE VII. The gates of Corioli.
In Scene 7 of Act 1, a group of citizens from Rome gather to discuss the current political situation. They are angry with the patricians, the wealthy and powerful elite of Rome, who have been hoarding grain and not distributing it to the people. The citizens are also frustrated with their leaders, who they feel are not doing enough to address their concerns. Two of the citizens, Sicinius and Brutus, take advantage of the situation to try to advance their own political agendas. They manipulate the crowd by playing on their emotions and promising to address their grievances. They also criticize a popular military leader named Coriolanus, who they believe is too arrogant and out of touch with the needs of the people. As the citizens become more agitated, Coriolanus enters the scene. He is initially greeted with cheers, but he quickly loses their support when he refuses to pander to their demands. Coriolanus is proud and disdainful of the common people, and he makes no effort to hide his contempt for them. He tells them that their complaints are baseless and that they should be grateful for the protection that he and his fellow soldiers provide. The citizens become irate and start to throw stones at Coriolanus. He responds by threatening to kill them all, which only makes the situation worse. Eventually, Coriolanus is forced to flee the scene, and the citizens are left to ponder their next move. The scene ends with a sense of tension and uncertainty, as both sides are left wondering what will happen next.
TITUS LARTIUS, having set a guard upon Corioli, going with drum and trumpet toward COMINIUS and CAIUS MARCIUS, enters with Lieutenant, other Soldiers, and a Scout
Exeunt
SCENE VIII. A field of battle.
Scene 8 of Act 1 takes place in a public square in Rome, where the citizens are gathered to discuss their grievances with the patricians. The citizens are angry with the patricians, who they believe are hoarding grain and causing a famine, while they themselves are suffering from hunger and poverty. The citizens are led by two tribunes, Sicinius and Brutus, who are trying to rally them against the patricians. As the citizens are discussing their grievances, they are interrupted by the entrance of the patrician general, Coriolanus, who has just returned from a successful military campaign. The citizens are angry with Coriolanus, whom they blame for their suffering. Coriolanus, however, is contemptuous of the citizens, whom he sees as unworthy and cowardly. When the tribunes accuse Coriolanus of being responsible for the famine, he responds with anger and defiance, refusing to apologize or show any remorse. The citizens become even more agitated, and the tribunes begin to incite them against Coriolanus. In the end, Coriolanus is forced to flee for his life, and the citizens are left to continue their struggle against the patricians.
Alarum as in battle. Enter, from opposite sides, MARCIUS and AUFIDIUS
Exeunt
SCENE IX. The Roman camp.
Scene 9 of Act 1 of Coriolanus takes place in the market place of Rome. The citizens are gathered around, angry and frustrated with the current state of affairs. They are complaining about the lack of grain and the high prices of food. In the midst of this chaos, Coriolanus enters, followed by his friends, the patricians. The citizens immediately turn on Coriolanus and begin to hurl insults at him. They accuse him of being a traitor and blame him for their plight. Coriolanus is initially taken aback by the citizens' anger, but he soon becomes enraged himself. He begins to berate the citizens, calling them "you common cry of curs" and "you blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!" He tells them that they are not fit to govern themselves and that they should be grateful for the leadership of the patricians. The citizens are further incensed by Coriolanus' words and begin to riot. They chase Coriolanus and his friends out of the market place and vow to seek revenge. This scene highlights the growing class divide in Rome and the tension between the patricians and the plebeians. It also shows Coriolanus' inability to connect with the common people and his disdain for their concerns.
Flourish. Alarum. A retreat is sounded. Flourish. Enter, from one side, COMINIUS with the Romans; from the other side, MARCIUS, with his arm in a scarf
Enter TITUS LARTIUS, with his power, from the pursuit
A long flourish. They all cry 'Marcius! Marcius!' cast up their caps and lances: COMINIUS and LARTIUS stand bare
Flourish. Trumpets sound, and drums
Exeunt
SCENE X. The camp of the Volsces.
In Scene 10 of Act 1, a group of Roman citizens are gathered in a public place, discussing their grievances with the government. They are angry because they are suffering from a famine and the government is not doing enough to help them. A man named Sicinius suggests that they should elect a new leader who will be more sympathetic to their needs. Another citizen named Brutus agrees with Sicinius and says that the current leader, Coriolanus, is not fit to rule because he is arrogant and does not care about the common people. However, a third citizen named Menenius defends Coriolanus and argues that he is a great warrior who has fought for Rome many times. The citizens are not convinced by Menenius' argument and continue to express their frustration with the government. They decide to take matters into their own hands and start a riot, shouting slogans and demanding food. Coriolanus appears on the scene and tries to calm them down, but his efforts are in vain and the citizens turn on him, accusing him of being a traitor and a tyrant. Coriolanus responds angrily, calling the citizens "dogs" and threatening to crush them with his army. This only makes the situation worse, and the citizens become even more hostile towards him. In the end, Coriolanus is forced to flee for his life, while the citizens continue to riot and demand change.
A flourish. Cornets. Enter TULLUS AUFIDIUS, bloody, with two or three Soldiers
Exeunt
Act II
Act 2 of Coriolanus follows the aftermath of the conflict between the plebeians and patricians in Rome. Volumnia, Coriolanus' mother, and Virgilia, his wife, wait for him to return home from battle. Once he arrives, they are relieved to see that he is unharmed. However, Coriolanus is not pleased with the plebeians and their demands for grain. He expresses his disdain for them and even calls them "scabs" and "curs."
Meanwhile, the tribunes of the people, Sicinius and Brutus, plot to turn the plebeians against Coriolanus. They spread rumors that he is planning to become a dictator and take control of Rome. They also encourage the plebeians to demand that Coriolanus show his wounds from battle as proof of his valor.
Coriolanus is angry at the accusations and refuses to show his wounds. He instead decides to run for consul, the highest office in Rome. However, he must first win the support of the plebeians. Volumnia and Menenius, Coriolanus' friend and mentor, try to convince him to apologize to the plebeians and win their favor. Coriolanus reluctantly agrees to do so, but when he is given the opportunity to speak to the plebeians, he cannot hide his contempt for them. He insults them again and is ultimately banished from Rome.
Act 2 of Coriolanus shows the growing tension between the plebeians and patricians in Rome. It also highlights the pride and stubbornness of Coriolanus, which ultimately leads to his downfall. The play explores themes of power, politics, and social class, and raises questions about the role of the individual in a society that values the collective.
SCENE I. Rome. A public place.
Scene 1 of Act 2 begins in Rome where the citizens are discussing their concerns about the ongoing food shortage. They are blaming the wealthy aristocrats for hoarding all the food and not distributing it fairly. The citizens are planning to confront their leaders and demand that they address the food crisis. Meanwhile, the patricians are discussing the political situation. They are worried about Coriolanus, a successful general who is becoming increasingly popular among the people. They fear that he may use his influence to overthrow the government and establish a dictatorship. They also discuss the possibility of sending Coriolanus on a military mission to get him out of Rome. Coriolanus enters the scene and is met with a warm welcome from the patricians. However, he is dismissive of their concerns about the food shortage and the growing discontent among the citizens. He insists that the people are ungrateful and do not appreciate the sacrifices that he and other soldiers have made for Rome. When the citizens arrive to confront the patricians, Coriolanus is enraged and insults them, calling them "curs" and "dogs". He tells them that they are not fit to speak to their betters and that they should be grateful for the scraps that they receive. The citizens are outraged by his arrogance and they begin to riot. Coriolanus is forced to flee the scene as the citizens chase after him. The patricians are left to deal with the aftermath of the riot and they realize that they need to find a way to control Coriolanus before he destroys Rome.
Enter MENENIUS with the two Tribunes of the people, SICINIUS and BRUTUS.
A sennet. Trumpets sound. Enter COMINIUS the general, and TITUS LARTIUS; between them, CORIOLANUS, crowned with an oaken garland; with Captains and Soldiers, and a Herald
Flourish
Kneels
Flourish. Cornets. Exeunt in state, as before. BRUTUS and SICINIUS come forward
Enter a Messenger
Exeunt
SCENE II. The same. The Capitol.
Scene 2 of Act 2 takes place in a public place in Rome. A group of citizens are discussing the current political situation in the city. They are angry with the patricians, the upper class, for not providing them with enough grain to make bread. They believe the patricians are hoarding the grain for themselves. They are also angry with the current consul, Menenius, for not doing enough to help them. As they are talking, Coriolanus enters. He is a successful general who has just returned from a military campaign. The citizens are initially happy to see him and ask him to help them get more grain. However, Coriolanus is disdainful of the citizens and does not want to help them. He believes they are ungrateful and do not appreciate the sacrifices he has made for them in battle. The citizens become angry with Coriolanus and start to insult him. Coriolanus responds by insulting them back and threatening violence. Menenius tries to calm everyone down, but Coriolanus is not interested in listening to him either. Eventually, Coriolanus storms off, leaving the citizens even more angry and frustrated than before. This scene highlights the class tensions in Rome and the difficulty of governing a city with such stark inequalities. Coriolanus embodies the arrogance and disdain of the patrician class, while the citizens represent the anger and frustration of the plebeians. The play ultimately explores the question of whether these two groups can ever find common ground and work together for the good of the city.
Enter two Officers, to lay cushions
A sennet. Enter, with actors before them, COMINIUS the consul, MENENIUS, CORIOLANUS, Senators, SICINIUS and BRUTUS. The Senators take their places; the Tribunes take their Places by themselves. CORIOLANUS stands
Exit
Re-enter CORIOLANUS
Flourish of cornets. Exeunt all but SICINIUS and BRUTUS
Exeunt
SCENE III. The same. The Forum.
Scene 3 of Act 2 begins with Senators discussing the current state of Rome. They are worried about the growing power of the military leader, Coriolanus, who has been successful in his recent battles. The Senators fear that Coriolanus may become a tyrant and threaten the stability of the republic. One Senator proposes that they offer Coriolanus the position of consul, which would give him some political power but also limit his authority. Another Senator suggests that they try to win over the common people, who Coriolanus has little respect for. They believe that if they can gain the support of the people, they can better control Coriolanus. However, another Senator disagrees and argues that the people are fickle and easily swayed. He suggests that they should instead focus on strengthening the power of the Senate and limiting the power of the military. The Senators ultimately decide to send a delegation to Coriolanus to offer him the consulship and hope that he will accept it. Meanwhile, Coriolanus meets with his mother, Volumnia, and his wife, Virgilia. Volumnia is proud of her son's military achievements and urges him to pursue political power. Coriolanus is hesitant and expresses his distaste for the common people. Virgilia pleads with him to be more compassionate and understanding towards the citizens of Rome. When the delegation from the Senate arrives, they offer Coriolanus the position of consul. Coriolanus, however, is offended by the limitations placed on his authority and refuses the offer. He angrily criticizes the Senate and the people of Rome, which only confirms their fears that he may become a threat to the republic.
Enter seven or eight Citizens
Exeunt Citizens
Exit
Exeunt the three Citizens
Re-enter two other Citizens
Exeunt
Exeunt
Re-enter MENENIUS, with BRUTUS and SICINIUS
Re-enter Citizens
Exeunt Citizens
Exeunt
Act III
Act 3 of Coriolanus sees the main character, Caius Martius, now known as Coriolanus, return to Rome after his successful military campaign against the Volscians. He is greeted with a hero's welcome, but his pride and arrogance quickly become apparent as he insults the common people and refuses to show them respect. This behavior leads to a conflict with the tribunes, who represent the interests of the common people. They accuse Coriolanus of being a traitor to the people and seek to have him banished from Rome.
Coriolanus is outraged by this accusation and refuses to defend himself, instead choosing to insult the tribunes and the people of Rome even more. This only serves to make things worse and he is eventually banished from the city. This decision is a major blow to Coriolanus, who is deeply tied to his identity as a Roman soldier and leader.
After being banished, Coriolanus seeks refuge with his former enemy, the Volscian leader Aufidius. He is initially hesitant to accept Coriolanus but eventually agrees to join forces with him to attack Rome. This decision sets the stage for the final conflict of the play, where Coriolanus must choose between his loyalty to Rome and his desire for revenge against the city that banished him.
SCENE I. Rome. A street.
In Scene 1 of Act 3, two Roman tribunes, Sicinius Velutus and Junius Brutus, are discussing their dislike for the Roman general, Coriolanus. They believe that he is arrogant and does not respect the common people. They also blame him for the recent famine in Rome because he refused to distribute grain to the citizens. Menenius Agrippa, a friend of Coriolanus, enters the scene and tries to defend him. He argues that Coriolanus is a great warrior who has fought for Rome and deserves respect. However, the tribunes are not convinced and accuse Coriolanus of being a traitor to the people. Coriolanus then enters the scene and engages in a heated argument with the tribunes. He openly insults them and accuses them of being corrupt politicians who do not care about the welfare of Rome. The tribunes respond by accusing Coriolanus of being a tyrant who wants to rule over Rome like a dictator. The argument becomes physical when Coriolanus threatens to kill the tribunes. Menenius tries to intervene and calm down the situation, but he is unable to stop Coriolanus from being banished from Rome. The scene ends with Coriolanus leaving Rome and vowing to seek revenge against the city that has betrayed him. The tribunes are pleased with their victory, believing that they have saved Rome from a dangerous and power-hungry leader.
Cornets. Enter CORIOLANUS, MENENIUS, all the Gentry, COMINIUS, TITUS LARTIUS, and other Senators
Enter a rabble of Citizens (Plebeians), with the AEdiles
In this mutiny, the Tribunes, the AEdiles, and the People, are beat in
Exeunt CORIOLANUS, COMINIUS, and others
Re-enter BRUTUS and SICINIUS, with the rabble
Exeunt
SCENE II. A room in CORIOLANUS'S house.
Scene 2 of Act 3 of Coriolanus depicts a heated exchange between the Roman general, Coriolanus, and the Roman tribunes, Brutus and Sicinius. The tribunes accuse Coriolanus of being proud and refusing to show humility towards the people of Rome, who he believes are beneath him. They also accuse him of withholding grain from the citizens during a time of famine. Coriolanus responds with anger and disdain towards the tribunes, calling them "knaves" and "cankers" who are only interested in their own power and not the welfare of Rome. He refuses to apologize or show humility to the citizens, claiming that they are unworthy of his respect. The tribunes then use their authority to banish Coriolanus from Rome, declaring him a traitor to the state. Coriolanus, in turn, declares his hatred for Rome and vows to seek revenge against the city that has shamed him. The scene ends with Coriolanus leaving Rome, a man consumed by anger and resentment towards the city that he had once served with honor and loyalty.
Enter CORIOLANUS with Patricians
Enter MENENIUS and Senators
Enter COMINIUS
Exit
Exeunt
SCENE III. The same. The Forum.
In Scene 3 of Act 3, a group of Roman citizens gather to discuss their grievances with the military leader Coriolanus. They are angry with him for not showing them respect and for treating them poorly. They feel that he is not fit to lead and that he does not care about their needs. They decide to send representatives to speak with him and demand that he show them more consideration. When the representatives meet with Coriolanus, he is dismissive of their concerns and refuses to listen to them. He tells them that they are not capable of understanding the complexities of war and that they should leave military matters to the professionals. The citizens are outraged by his arrogance and refuse to back down. Coriolanus becomes increasingly frustrated with the citizens and begins to insult them, calling them "dogs" and "curs". He tells them that they are unworthy of his respect and that they should be grateful for the protection that he has provided them. The citizens are furious and begin to shout at him, calling him a traitor and a tyrant. As the confrontation escalates, Coriolanus becomes more and more angry and threatens to use force against the citizens. The representatives plead with him to listen to their demands and to show them some respect, but he refuses to back down. The scene ends with the citizens and Coriolanus at a stalemate, with neither side willing to compromise.
Enter SICINIUS and BRUTUS
Enter CORIOLANUS, MENENIUS, and COMINIUS, with Senators and Patricians
Re-enter AEdile, with Citizens
Exeunt CORIOLANUS, COMINIUS, MENENIUS, Senators, and Patricians
Shouting, and throwing up their caps
Exeunt
Act IV
Act 4 of Coriolanus is a pivotal moment in the play where the title character, Caius Martius, is banished from Rome for his perceived arrogance and disdain for the common people. This act begins with Caius Martius' mother, Volumnia, and his wife, Virgilia, pleading with him to be more humble and show compassion towards the people of Rome. However, Caius Martius remains steadfast in his belief that the common people are unworthy of his respect and that he would rather die than beg for their forgiveness.
As the scene progresses, we see Caius Martius confront the Roman senators who have gathered to determine his fate. Despite their attempts to reason with him, Caius Martius remains defiant and refuses to apologize for his actions. This leads to his eventual banishment from Rome, with Caius Martius declaring that he will seek revenge against the city that has turned its back on him.
The scene ends with Caius Martius leaving Rome and vowing to join forces with Rome's enemies, the Volscians, in order to exact his revenge. This sets the stage for the final act of the play, where we see Caius Martius leading the Volscian army against Rome in a brutal battle that ultimately leads to his own demise.
SCENE I. Rome. Before a gate of the city.
In Scene 1 of Act 4, a group of Roman citizens are gathered in the marketplace discussing the state of their city. They are angry and frustrated with the current government, feeling that they are not being heard or represented properly. They discuss the recent actions of Coriolanus, a powerful and respected Roman general, who they believe is working against their interests. As they talk, Menenius, a friend of Coriolanus, enters and tries to calm them down. He argues that Coriolanus is not their enemy and that he has always fought for Rome's best interests. However, the citizens are not convinced and demand that Coriolanus come and speak to them directly. Coriolanus eventually arrives and is met with a hostile reception. The citizens accuse him of being arrogant and uncaring, and demand that he show them some respect. Coriolanus responds angrily, calling them "dogs" and insulting their intelligence. As tensions rise, Coriolanus is eventually driven from the marketplace. The citizens are left feeling more frustrated than ever, and are determined to take action against Coriolanus and the government that supports him.
Enter CORIOLANUS, VOLUMNIA, VIRGILIA, MENENIUS, COMINIUS, with the young Nobility of Rome
Exeunt
SCENE II. The same. A street near the gate.
Scene 2 of Act 4 of Coriolanus is a critical moment in the play. The scene features a confrontation between the protagonist Coriolanus and his mother Volumnia, who has come to plead with him to end his campaign against Rome. Coriolanus is torn between his loyalty to his mother and his desire for revenge against the city that has banished him. Volumnia makes an emotional appeal to her son, reminding him of his duty to his family and his country. She argues that his desire for revenge is misguided and that he should instead seek reconciliation with Rome. Coriolanus is initially resistant to her arguments, insisting that he will not back down and that he will continue to fight. However, as the scene progresses, he begins to soften, and his resolve begins to waver. As the conversation continues, Volumnia becomes increasingly desperate, using every argument at her disposal to convince her son to end his campaign. She even goes so far as to offer herself as a sacrifice, saying that she would rather die than see her son continue down this path of destruction. In the end, Coriolanus relents, agreeing to meet with the Roman leaders and negotiate a peace settlement. The scene is a powerful moment of emotional conflict, as Coriolanus is forced to choose between his loyalty to his family and his desire for revenge. It is a pivotal moment in the play, setting the stage for the final act and the eventual resolution of the conflict between Coriolanus and Rome.
Enter SICINIUS, BRUTUS, and an AEdile
Enter VOLUMNIA, VIRGILIA, and MENENIUS
Exeunt
SCENE III. A highway between Rome and Antium.
Scene 3 of Act 4 of Coriolanus takes place in the Volscian camp, where Aufidius expresses his anger towards Coriolanus for his recent betrayal. Aufidius believes that Coriolanus has become too proud and arrogant and is no longer the man he used to be. He speaks with his lieutenant, who tries to calm him down and reminds him of all that they have accomplished together. The lieutenant also warns Aufidius that he should be careful, as Coriolanus is a dangerous man and may seek revenge against them. Despite his lieutenant's warning, Aufidius decides to confront Coriolanus and challenges him to a duel. Coriolanus accepts the challenge, and the two men fight fiercely. However, Coriolanus is eventually defeated and forced to flee. Aufidius orders his soldiers to pursue and kill Coriolanus, but he is stopped by his lieutenant, who reminds him that they should not kill such a great warrior. Aufidius agrees and decides to spare Coriolanus, but warns him never to return to their land again. As Coriolanus leaves the Volscian camp, he is filled with rage and bitterness towards Aufidius and the people of Rome. He vows to seek revenge against them and to destroy the city that he once called home. However, he also feels a sense of sadness and regret, as he realizes that he has lost everything that he once held dear. He is now a man without a country, without friends, and without a purpose.
Enter a Roman and a Volsce, meeting
Exeunt
SCENE IV. Antium. Before Aufidius's house.
Scene 4 of Act 4 begins with Volumnia, Virgilia, and Valeria discussing Coriolanus' fate. Volumnia is confident that her son will not give in to the pleas of the Roman citizens and will instead continue his quest for power. Valeria disagrees, stating that she fears for his safety. As they speak, Coriolanus enters the room. Volumnia attempts to convince him to change his mind and make peace with Rome, but he remains steadfast in his beliefs. He declares that he would rather die than betray his principles. Coriolanus' friends, Menenius and Cominius, arrive and try to reason with him, but he refuses to listen. He tells them that he will not back down, even if it means going to war against Rome. As the conversation becomes more heated, Volumnia makes a bold move. She kneels before her son and begs him to spare Rome. Coriolanus is torn between his loyalty to his mother and his desire for power, but ultimately he relents. He agrees to make peace with Rome and end the conflict. The scene ends with Coriolanus embracing his mother, grateful for her intervention. However, the audience is left to wonder if his change of heart is genuine or simply a political ploy.
Enter CORIOLANUS in mean apparel, disguised and muffled
Exit
SCENE V. The same. A hall in Aufidius's house.
In Scene 5 of Act 4, two influential Roman senators, Cominius and Menenius, pay a visit to Coriolanus, who is now in the camp of his former enemy, Aufidius. They try to convince him to end his rebellion against Rome and make peace. Coriolanus is initially angry and dismissive of their attempts, but eventually agrees to meet with the Roman senators. At the meeting, Coriolanus is confronted by his mother, Volumnia, who begs him to spare Rome and make peace. Coriolanus is torn between his loyalty to Rome and his desire for revenge against those who have wronged him. He ultimately decides to continue with his rebellion, despite the pleas of his mother and the Roman senators. Coriolanus' decision angers the Roman senators, who declare him a traitor and order his execution. Aufidius, who had been using Coriolanus as a pawn in his own quest for power, realizes that he has lost control of the situation and tries to convince Coriolanus to flee with him. However, Coriolanus refuses and instead urges Aufidius to kill him, which he does.
Music within. Enter a Servingman
Exit
Enter a second Servingman
Exit
Enter CORIOLANUS
Re-enter the first Servingman
Exit
Re-enter second Servingman
Enter a third Servingman. The first meets him
Retires
Pushes him away
Exit
Beats him away. Exit third Servingman
Enter AUFIDIUS with the second Servingman
Retires
Exeunt CORIOLANUS and AUFIDIUS. The two Servingmen come forward
Re-enter third Servingman
Exeunt
SCENE VI. Rome. A public place.
Scene 6 of Act 4 begins with Volumnia and Virgilia pleading with Coriolanus to spare Rome. They argue that he should not seek revenge on the city that gave him birth and that he should show mercy to the people who have always loved him. Coriolanus, however, is unmoved by their pleas and remains determined to attack Rome. Menenius then enters the scene and tries to reason with Coriolanus. He reminds him of all the good things Rome has done for him and how he has always been regarded as a hero in the city. Menenius suggests that they should negotiate with the people of Rome instead of waging war against them. Coriolanus, still angry and vengeful, refuses to listen to Menenius and accuses him of being a traitor. Finally, Aufidius enters the scene and tries to reason with Coriolanus. He reminds him of their longstanding friendship and how they have always fought side by side. Aufidius suggests that they should attack other cities instead of Rome and offers to join forces with Coriolanus. Coriolanus, realizing that he has lost his own army and that he has no other option, agrees to join forces with Aufidius and attack Rome. The scene ends with Coriolanus and Aufidius leaving to prepare for their attack on Rome, while Volumnia, Virgilia, and Menenius lament the tragic turn of events and the inevitable destruction that will come to the city they love.
Enter SICINIUS and BRUTUS
Enter three or four Citizens
Exeunt Citizens
Enter an AEdile
Enter a Messenger
Enter a second Messenger
Enter COMINIUS
Enter a troop of Citizens
Exeunt COMINIUS and MENENIUS
Exeunt Citizens
Exeunt
SCENE VII. A camp, at a small distance from Rome.
Scene 7 of Act 4 of Coriolanus is a dramatic scene where the protagonist, Coriolanus, is confronted by his mother, Volumnia, and his wife, Virgilia. They plead with him to show mercy towards Rome and its citizens and to make peace with them. Coriolanus is torn between his loyalty to Rome and his hatred for its citizens, whom he sees as ungrateful and unworthy. He argues with his mother and wife, insisting that he cannot go back on his word and make peace with the people he despises. Volumnia, however, is determined to sway her son and make him see reason. She uses a variety of tactics, including emotional blackmail and appeals to his sense of duty and honor. She reminds him of his upbringing and the sacrifices she made to ensure his success, and urges him to put Rome's needs above his own personal vendettas. Virgilia, on the other hand, takes a more gentle approach, appealing to Coriolanus' love for her and their children. She reminds him of the joy and happiness they share as a family, and implores him to consider the consequences of his actions for their future. The scene ends with Coriolanus reluctantly agreeing to meet with the Roman leaders and negotiate a truce. However, it is clear that he is still deeply conflicted and unsure of his next move.
Enter AUFIDIUS and his Lieutenant
Exeunt
Act V
Act 5 of Coriolanus begins with the Roman Senate discussing how to handle Coriolanus, who has joined forces with their enemy, the Volscians. Menenius, a friend of Coriolanus, pleads with him to return to Rome and make peace, but Coriolanus refuses. The Volscian general Aufidius is suspicious of Coriolanus' loyalty and challenges him to a duel. Coriolanus accepts and they fight, but are interrupted by Volumnia, Coriolanus' mother, who begs her son to spare Rome. Coriolanus relents and agrees to make peace with Rome.
However, the Roman tribunes, who had opposed Coriolanus and banished him from Rome, refuse to accept his return and accuse him of treason. Coriolanus becomes enraged and declares that he will lead the Volscian army against Rome. Volumnia and his wife, Virgilia, plead with Coriolanus to spare Rome, but he refuses and marches towards the city.
The women of Rome, led by Volumnia, go to the Volscian camp to plead with Coriolanus once more. Volumnia uses emotional manipulation, reminding her son of his duty to Rome and the sacrifices she made for him. Coriolanus is moved and decides to spare Rome. However, Aufidius and the other Volscians are angered by Coriolanus' change of heart and assassinate him.
The play ends with the grief-stricken Volumnia mourning her son, while Aufidius declares that he has killed the only man he ever loved and respected. The play explores themes of loyalty, duty, and the consequences of pride and ambition.
SCENE I. Rome. A public place.
Scene 1 of Act 5 opens with the Volscian camp. Aufidius, the leader of the Volscians, is waiting for Coriolanus, who is expected to arrive soon. When Coriolanus enters the scene, Aufidius greets him with open arms and expresses his joy at seeing him again. However, Coriolanus is not in a friendly mood and responds with a cold demeanor. Aufidius is surprised by Coriolanus's behavior and asks him what is wrong. Coriolanus tells Aufidius that he is unhappy with the way he has been treated by the Romans, who have banished him from the city. Coriolanus then reveals his plan to attack Rome and destroy the city, which shocks Aufidius. Aufidius tries to reason with Coriolanus and reminds him of their past victories against the Romans. He tells Coriolanus that they should focus on their common enemy, rather than fighting each other. However, Coriolanus is determined to take revenge on Rome and refuses to listen to Aufidius's advice. He tells Aufidius that he is ready to lead the Volscians into battle and promises to be victorious. Aufidius, seeing that Coriolanus cannot be dissuaded, agrees to support him and pledges his loyalty. The scene ends with Coriolanus and Aufidius leaving the stage, ready to march on Rome.
Enter MENENIUS, COMINIUS, SICINIUS, BRUTUS, and others
Exit
Exeunt
SCENE II. Entrance of the Volscian camp before Rome. Two Sentinels on guard.
In Scene 2 of Act 5, a group of Roman senators meet with Coriolanus to try and persuade him to spare the city from his army's attack. However, Coriolanus remains steadfast in his anger towards Rome and refuses to listen to their pleas. He accuses them of being hypocrites who only care about their own power and wealth, rather than the well-being of the Roman people. The senators continue to plead with Coriolanus, but he is unmoved and tells them that he will only spare the city if they agree to his demands, which include stripping the plebeians of their rights and banishing his former friend, Menenius. The senators are horrified by his demands and refuse to comply. Coriolanus angrily declares that he will not be swayed by their words and storms out of the meeting.
Enter to them, MENENIUS
Enter CORIOLANUS and AUFIDIUS
Exeunt CORIOLANUS and AUFIDIUS
Exit
Exeunt
SCENE III. The tent of Coriolanus.
Scene 3 of Act 5 of Coriolanus is a pivotal moment in the play. The scene takes place in the Volscian camp, where Coriolanus has been staying since being banished from Rome. He is approached by his former friends and allies, including his mother Volumnia, who plead with him to spare the city of Rome. Coriolanus is torn between his loyalty to his former comrades and his hatred for the city that banished him. He initially refuses to listen to their pleas, calling them "women" and saying that he will "let Rome burn." However, after much persuading, he finally agrees to spare the city on the condition that the citizens give up their weapons and surrender their power to him. This moment is significant because it shows the complex nature of Coriolanus' character. He is a proud and stubborn warrior who is willing to let his enemies suffer, but he also has a deep love for his mother and a sense of duty to his people. Ultimately, he chooses to spare the city, but only on his own terms. The scene also highlights the theme of power and politics in the play. Coriolanus' demand for complete control over Rome shows how power can corrupt even the most noble of leaders. It also raises questions about the nature of democracy and whether or not it is possible to have a truly just society. In conclusion, Scene 3 of Act 5 of Coriolanus is a powerful and thought-provoking moment in the play. It showcases the complexity of the main character's personality and raises important questions about power and politics.
Enter CORIOLANUS, AUFIDIUS, and others
Kneels
Rising
He holds her by the hand, silent
The Ladies make signs to CORIOLANUS
Exeunt
SCENE IV. Rome. A public place.
Scene 4 of Act 5 of Coriolanus opens with the arrival of the Roman army at the gates of Corioli. The soldiers are exhausted and hungry, but Coriolanus, their leader, insists that they press on and conquer the city. He orders his men to attack, and they breach the walls of the city, forcing the enemy soldiers to retreat. Coriolanus chases after the fleeing soldiers, and his men follow him. In the chaos of battle, Coriolanus becomes separated from his men and finds himself alone on the battlefield. He is soon surrounded by enemy soldiers, who demand that he surrender. Coriolanus refuses to surrender and instead fights fiercely against his enemies. He kills several of them before he is finally overwhelmed and captured. The enemy soldiers take him prisoner and bring him before their leader, who is amazed at Coriolanus's bravery. The enemy leader attempts to negotiate with Coriolanus, offering him a chance to switch sides and join their cause. Coriolanus, however, refuses to betray his fellow Romans and declares that he would rather die than switch sides. The enemy leader is impressed by Coriolanus's loyalty and honor, and he orders that Coriolanus be released and allowed to return to Rome. Coriolanus returns to Rome, where he is greeted as a hero. He is given a triumphal procession through the city, and he is praised for his bravery and valor in battle. However, Coriolanus's triumph is short-lived, as his enemies plot against him and ultimately bring about his downfall.
Enter MENENIUS and SICINIUS
Enter a Messenger
Enter a second Messenger
A shout within
Music still, with shouts
Exeunt
SCENE V. The same. A street near the gate.
Scene 5 of Act 5 of Coriolanus begins with the Volscian army outside the gates of Rome, preparing for battle. Aufidius, the leader of the Volscians, is confident that they will emerge victorious, and speaks with his soldiers about their upcoming triumph. Meanwhile, inside Rome, Coriolanus is struggling with his own conflicting emotions. On the one hand, he wants to see Rome destroyed and his former countrymen punished for their mistreatment of him. On the other hand, he is torn between his loyalty to the Volscians and his own sense of honor and duty. As the battle approaches, Coriolanus is visited by his mother, Volumnia, and his wife, Virgilia. They plead with him to spare Rome and show mercy to his former countrymen. Coriolanus is moved by their words, but ultimately refuses to change his mind. He tells them that he will not betray the Volscians, and that he is willing to die for his beliefs. The battle begins, and both sides fight fiercely. Coriolanus proves to be a skilled warrior, but he is eventually wounded and forced to retreat. Aufidius finds him and accuses him of cowardice, but Coriolanus refuses to back down. In a final showdown, Coriolanus faces Aufidius in combat. The two men fight to the death, and Coriolanus is ultimately killed. The play ends with Rome victorious, but at a great cost. Coriolanus's death is mourned by both the Volscians and the Romans, and his legacy is remembered by all who knew him. Despite his flaws and his ultimate downfall, Coriolanus is seen as a tragic hero who remained true to his beliefs until the very end.
Enter two Senators with VOLUMNIA, VIRGILIA, VALERIA, c. passing over the stage, followed by Patricians and others
A flourish with drums and trumpets. Exeunt
SCENE VI. Antium. A public place.
In Scene 6 of Act 5, a group of Roman senators attempt to persuade the protagonist to spare the city of Rome from his military forces. Coriolanus, the main character, is angry at the Romans for their lack of appreciation for his military service and is hesitant to listen to their pleas. The senators use various tactics to persuade him, appealing to his sense of duty and honor as a soldier, as well as his love for his mother and wife. They argue that his actions will harm not only the people of Rome but also his own reputation and legacy. Despite their efforts, Coriolanus remains stubborn and refuses to back down. He argues that he has already made his decision and that the senators' words are meaningless. In a moment of anger, he even threatens to destroy Rome and its inhabitants. The scene ends with the senators recognizing that they have failed to change Coriolanus' mind. They express their sadness at the situation and their fear for the future of Rome. The audience is left wondering whether or not Coriolanus will follow through with his threats and what the consequences will be for both him and the city.
Enter TULLUS AUFIDIUS, with Attendants
Drums and trumpets sound, with great shouts of the People
Enter the Lords of the city
Enter CORIOLANUS, marching with drum and colours; commoners being with him
The Conspirators draw, and kill CORIOLANUS: AUFIDIUS stands on his body
Exeunt, bearing the body of CORIOLANUS. A dead march sounded