Henry VI, Part 3
by
William Shakespeare
Henry VI, Part 3 is a historical play set in England during the 15th century. It continues the story of King Henry VI and his struggle to maintain his power and control over the kingdom. The play also delves into the rivalry between the House of Lancaster, led by King Henry, and the House of York, led by Richard Plantagenet.
The play opens with the aftermath of the Battle of Towton, where the Lancastrian army suffers a devastating defeat at the hands of the Yorkists. King Henry is captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London, while Queen Margaret is left to rally what remains of the Lancastrian forces. Meanwhile, Richard Plantagenet sets his sights on the throne and begins plotting with his allies to overthrow King Henry and seize power.
The play is filled with political intrigue, as various characters switch allegiances and betray one another in their quest for power. The Duke of York, for example, initially supports King Henry but eventually turns against him and declares himself the rightful king. His sons, Edward and Richard, also play a key role in the power struggle, with Edward ultimately emerging victorious and becoming King Edward IV.
Throughout the play, there are also several battles and skirmishes between the Lancastrian and Yorkist forces, further escalating the conflict. The play ends with the Yorkists triumphant and King Henry once again imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Act I
Act 1 of Henry VI, Part 3 begins with the aftermath of the Battle of Towton, which was fought between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. King Henry VI is deposed and has fled with his wife and son. The Yorkists, led by Edward, now control the throne.
The first scene takes place in London where the Duke of York is proclaimed as the new king. However, tensions are high as the Lancastrians, led by Queen Margaret and the Duke of Somerset, still pose a threat to the Yorkist rule.
Meanwhile, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, plots with his brother, the newly crowned King Edward, to eliminate their enemies. Richard is portrayed as a cunning and ruthless figure, willing to do whatever it takes to secure the throne for his family.
The Lancastrians, including Queen Margaret, reunite with Henry VI and plan their next move. They are joined by the Earl of Warwick, who switches sides and supports the Lancastrians. Warwick is a powerful and influential figure, and his defection is a significant blow to the Yorkist cause.
The act ends with preparations for the next battle between the two factions. The Yorkists are confident, but the Lancastrians have gained new allies and are determined to regain control of the throne.
SCENE I. London. The Parliament-house.
Scene 1 of Act 1 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place in a palace in London. King Henry VI is sitting on his throne while two nobles, Gloucester and Winchester, argue over who should be the Lord Protector of England. Gloucester argues that he should be the Lord Protector since he is the rightful heir to the throne and is more experienced than Winchester. Winchester, on the other hand, argues that he should be the Lord Protector since he has the support of the Duke of Suffolk and the Queen. The argument gets heated and the King tries to intervene but is ignored by both nobles. Suddenly, a messenger arrives and informs the King that the Duke of York has rebelled against him and is marching towards London with his army. The King is shocked and worried about the safety of the city and his people. Gloucester and Winchester both offer to lead the King's army against the rebels, but the King is hesitant to trust either of them. He decides to appoint Somerset as the leader of the army and orders him to defend the city from the rebels. The scene ends with the King expressing his concern for the safety of his people and the future of England.
Alarum. Enter YORK, EDWARD, RICHARD, NORFOLK, MONTAGUE, WARWICK, and Soldiers
Throwing down SOMERSET's head
They go up
Flourish. Enter KING HENRY VI, CLIFFORD, NORTHUMBERLAND, WESTMORELAND, EXETER, and the rest
He stamps with his foot and the soldiers show themselves
Exeunt NORTHUMBERLAND, CLIFFORD, and WESTMORELAND
Sennet. Here they come down
Exeunt YORK, EDWARD, EDMUND, GEORGE, RICHARD, WARWICK, NORFOLK, MONTAGUE, their Soldiers, and Attendants
Enter QUEEN MARGARET and PRINCE EDWARD
Exeunt QUEEN MARGARET and PRINCE EDWARD
SCENE II. Sandal Castle.
In Scene 2 of Act 1 of Henry VI, Part 3, the Duke of York is depicted as having a conversation with his allies, the Earls of Salisbury and Warwick. The scene begins with the Duke of York expressing his frustration about the fact that he was not appointed as the King's protector after the death of the Duke of Bedford. He believes that he is the rightful heir to the throne and that the King is not capable of ruling the country. The Earls of Salisbury and Warwick are sympathetic to the Duke's cause and suggest that he should take up arms against the King. The Duke agrees and reveals his plan to gather an army and march on London. He believes that the people of England will support him in his quest for the throne. The scene ends with the Duke of York and his allies plotting their next move. They are determined to overthrow the King and seize power for themselves.
Enter RICHARD, EDWARD, and MONTAGUE
Enter YORK
A march afar off
SCENE III. Field of battle betwixt Sandal Castle and Wakefield.
In Scene 3 of Act 1 of Henry VI, Part 3, the Duke of York and his army have just defeated the Lancastrian army, capturing King Henry VI. The Duke of York is now planning to take the throne for himself, but he faces opposition from the Queen and other nobles who support the Lancastrian cause. The Duke of York is confident in his abilities and believes that he has the right to be king. He argues that Henry VI is a weak ruler and that he would be a better leader for England. He also believes that the Lancastrians are responsible for the country's problems and that he can restore order and stability. However, the Queen and her supporters are not willing to give up without a fight. They argue that Henry VI is the rightful king and that the Duke of York has no claim to the throne. They also believe that the Duke of York is only interested in his own power and that he would be a tyrant if he became king. The two sides continue to argue and debate, but it is clear that a war is brewing. The Duke of York is determined to take the throne, while the Queen and her supporters are equally determined to keep it in Lancastrian hands. The stage is set for a bloody conflict that will decide the fate of England and its people.
Alarums. Enter RUTLAND and his Tutor
Enter CLIFFORD and Soldiers
Exit, dragged off by Soldiers
Lifting his hand
Stabs him
Dies
SCENE IV. Another part of the field.
Scene 4 of Act 1 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place in a palace in London. The Duke of York and the Earl of Warwick are discussing the current state of affairs in England. They are both dissatisfied with the current king, Henry VI, and are plotting to overthrow him. The Duke of York believes that he has a legitimate claim to the throne and that Henry VI is an incompetent ruler who has allowed England to fall into disarray. He and Warwick are joined by the Earl of Salisbury and they discuss their plans to gather an army and march on London. The group is interrupted by the arrival of Lord Clifford, who is loyal to King Henry VI. Clifford accuses the Duke of York of treason and the two men exchange insults. Warwick steps in to try and defuse the situation, but tensions remain high. As the scene ends, the Duke of York and his followers vow to continue their plot against Henry VI and to take the throne for themselves.
Alarum. Enter YORK
They lay hands on YORK, who struggles
Stabbing him
Stabbing him
Dies
Act II
Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 begins with the Earl of Warwick and his allies discussing the state of the war. They have been defeated in battle and their army is in disarray. Warwick decides to seek help from France.
Meanwhile, King Henry VI is being held captive by the Yorkists. The Duke of York and his sons, Edward and Richard, discuss their plans to take the throne. Richard suggests that they kill the king, but York refuses and decides to wait for the right moment to strike.
Warwick returns with a French army, and they join forces with the Lancastrians. The two sides prepare for battle, but before they can begin, negotiations take place. York and his sons demand the throne, while the Lancastrians refuse to give it up. A compromise is reached: York will become king after Henry’s death, but Henry will remain on the throne for the time being.
However, this peace is short-lived. The Earl of Warwick switches sides and joins York, and together they defeat the Lancastrian army. King Henry VI is captured once again, and York declares himself king.
Overall, Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 is a tumultuous chapter in the ongoing conflict between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists. There are shifting alliances, negotiations, and battles, all leading up to York’s eventual ascent to the throne.
SCENE I. A plain near Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire.
Scene 1 of Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 is set in a room in the Palace of Westminster. The Duke of York and his followers enter the room and discuss their plans to overthrow King Henry VI and seize the throne. The Duke of York believes that he is the rightful heir to the throne and accuses King Henry VI of being a weak and ineffective leader. As they are planning their rebellion, the Earl of Warwick enters the room and informs them that King Henry VI has learned of their plans and is preparing to retaliate. The Duke of York and his followers are undeterred and continue to plot their rebellion. They decide to gather their armies and meet at Sandal Castle in Wakefield. As they are leaving the room, the Earl of Salisbury enters and informs them that King Henry VI has sent his armies to intercept them. The Duke of York and his followers are surprised by this turn of events but remain determined to fight for the throne. Overall, Scene 1 of Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 sets the stage for the upcoming battle between the Duke of York and King Henry VI. It also highlights the political turmoil and power struggles that were common during the Wars of the Roses in England.
A march. Enter EDWARD, RICHARD, and their power
March. Enter WARWICK, MONTAGUE, and their army
Enter a Messenger
SCENE II. Before York.
In Scene 2 of Act 2, two noblemen, Somerset and Warwick, are discussing the current state of affairs in the kingdom. They are both supporters of the Lancastrian cause and are worried about the growing power of the Yorkists, who are led by Richard Plantagenet. Somerset suggests that they should try to negotiate with Plantagenet, but Warwick disagrees and argues that they should continue to fight. As they are speaking, Plantagenet enters with a group of his supporters. He accuses Somerset of being responsible for the death of his father and demands that he be punished. Somerset denies the accusation and a heated argument ensues. Warwick tries to mediate between the two sides but is unsuccessful. As the argument continues, the Duke of York himself enters the scene. He demands that the nobles put aside their differences and unite against the common enemy, the French. He suggests that he should be appointed as regent until the king is old enough to rule and promises to govern justly and fairly. Somerset and Warwick are both skeptical of York's intentions and refuse to support him. York leaves the scene, frustrated by their lack of cooperation. The scene ends with Somerset and Warwick discussing their next move and lamenting the fact that they are divided, while the Yorkists are united and powerful.
Flourish. Enter KING HENRY VI, QUEEN MARGARET, PRINCE EDWARD, CLIFFORD, and NORTHUMBERLAND, with drum and trumpets
Enter a Messenger
March. Enter EDWARD, GEORGE, RICHARD, WARWICK, NORFOLK, MONTAGUE, and Soldiers
SCENE III. A field of battle between Towton and Saxton, in Yorkshire.
In Scene 3 of Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3, two armies are preparing for battle. The Duke of York and his forces are on one side, while the Lancastrian army, led by Queen Margaret and the Duke of Somerset, are on the other. The two sides exchange insults and threats, with the Duke of York declaring that he will take the throne from King Henry VI. As the battle is about to begin, a messenger arrives with news that the Earl of Warwick has joined forces with the Duke of York. This turns the tide in favor of the Yorkists, and they quickly gain the upper hand in the battle. However, the Duke of Somerset manages to capture the Duke of York's son, the Earl of Rutland. Queen Margaret orders the young Rutland to be killed, despite his pleas for mercy. This angers the Duke of York, who vows revenge. The battle continues, with both sides taking heavy losses. In the end, the Yorkists emerge victorious, but the price of victory is high. Many of their leaders, including the Earl of Warwick, have been killed in battle.
Alarum. Excursions. Enter WARWICK
Enter EDWARD, running
Enter GEORGE
Enter RICHARD
SCENE IV. Another part of the field.
Scene 4 of Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place in a garden where King Henry VI and his followers have gathered. The King is distraught and feels guilty about the ongoing war and the loss of lives. He is also worried about the rumors that Richard, Duke of York, is planning to overthrow him and take the throne. As they discuss their concerns, the Duke of York, accompanied by his allies, enters the garden. He accuses the King of being a weak leader who has brought chaos to the kingdom. The two sides argue and exchange insults. Ultimately, the Duke of York declares his intention to take the throne, claiming that he has a stronger claim to it than King Henry VI. The King refuses to give up his throne, and the two sides prepare for battle. This scene sets the stage for the rest of the play, as the conflict between King Henry VI and the Duke of York escalates into a full-blown civil war. It also highlights the themes of power, ambition, and loyalty that are central to the play and to Shakespeare's works as a whole.
Excursions. Enter RICHARD and CLIFFORD
They fight. WARWICK comes; CLIFFORD flies
SCENE V. Another part of the field.
Scene 5 of Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 is a tense exchange between two powerful figures, King Henry VI and Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York. The scene takes place in a garden where the two men are discussing their grievances with each other. Richard Plantagenet begins the conversation by expressing his frustration with the current state of affairs in England. He believes that King Henry VI is a weak leader and that the country is suffering as a result. He suggests that he should be made the king instead, as he is a direct descendant of the previous king. King Henry VI responds by reminding Richard that he has sworn loyalty to him and that he should not be questioning his authority. He also accuses Richard of being ambitious and power-hungry. The conversation becomes increasingly heated as Richard becomes more insistent on his claim to the throne. King Henry VI becomes defensive and accuses Richard of being a traitor. Richard denies this and accuses King Henry VI of being surrounded by corrupt advisors who are leading the country astray. The scene ends with Richard storming off in anger, leaving King Henry VI to ponder the situation. The tension between the two men sets the stage for the conflict that will continue throughout the rest of the play.
Alarum. Enter KING HENRY VI alone
Alarum. Enter a Son that has killed his father, dragging in the dead body
Enter a Father that has killed his son, bringing in the body
Exit with the body
Exit with the body
Alarums: excursions. Enter QUEEN MARGARET, PRINCE EDWARD, and EXETER
SCENE VI. Another part of the field.
Scene 6 of Act 2 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place in a field near Barnet in England. Warwick and Edward enter with their armies, and Warwick expresses concern about the upcoming battle. Edward reassures him and they discuss their strategy. Warwick suggests they should divide their army into three parts, but Edward disagrees and proposes they should charge together. Warwick reluctantly agrees. As they wait for the enemy, Warwick shares his doubts about the loyalty of some of their soldiers, particularly Lord Stanley. Edward assures him that Stanley is trustworthy and offers to give him a higher position in their army to demonstrate his trust. Warwick is grateful and they continue to discuss their plans for the battle. Soon after, the enemy army appears and the two sides charge at each other. The battle is fierce and brutal, with both sides suffering heavy losses. At one point, Warwick’s horse is killed and he is forced to fight on foot. Edward comes to his aid and together they fight off several enemy soldiers. As the battle rages on, Lord Stanley and his men arrive on the scene. Warwick is relieved to see him, but Edward is suspicious of his motives. Lord Stanley reveals that he has brought his army to support Edward, but Edward is still wary and orders Stanley to be closely watched. The scene ends with the two sides still fighting and the outcome of the battle uncertain.
A loud alarum. Enter CLIFFORD, wounded
He faints
Alarum and retreat. Enter EDWARD, GEORGE, RICHARD, MONTAGUE, WARWICK, and Soldiers
CLIFFORD groans, and dies
Act III
Act 3 of Henry VI, Part 3 is a dramatic and intense part of the play. The scene is set in the middle of a battle between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians, and both sides are eager to gain the upper hand.
As the fighting intensifies, the Yorkists gain the advantage and begin to push the Lancastrians back. However, the Duke of Somerset rallies his troops and leads a fierce counterattack, causing the Yorkists to lose ground and suffer heavy losses.
In the midst of the chaos, the Earl of Warwick arrives with reinforcements for the Yorkists, and the tide of the battle turns once again. The Lancastrians are forced to retreat, but not before Somerset is captured and taken prisoner.
The Yorkists celebrate their victory, but their joy is short-lived as news arrives that the Earl of Warwick's brother, Montague, has been killed in battle. This news is a blow to the Yorkists, and they mourn his loss while preparing for the next phase of the conflict.
The scene ends with both sides regrouping and preparing for the next battle. The outcome of the war is still uncertain, and both sides know that the fighting will continue until one of them emerges victorious.
SCENE I. A forest in the north of England.
Scene 1 of Act 3 begins with a conversation between two men, King Henry VI and Duke of Gloucester. The King expresses his deep concern regarding the state of the country, and particularly the rift between the York and Lancaster factions. Gloucester suggests that they should bring the opposing parties together and find a way to reconcile their differences. However, they are soon interrupted by the arrival of Queen Margaret, who is accompanied by her son, Prince Edward, and the Earl of Warwick. The Queen is furious with Gloucester and accuses him of being responsible for the death of her husband, King Henry V. She also accuses him of plotting against the King and attempting to seize the throne. Gloucester denies these accusations and insists that he is loyal to the King. The argument between the Queen and Gloucester becomes heated, and Warwick steps in to defend the Queen's honor. This leads to a physical fight between Warwick and Gloucester, which is quickly broken up by the King. The Queen continues to berate Gloucester and threatens to have him arrested and executed. However, the King intervenes once again and orders that Gloucester be allowed to defend himself in court. The scene ends with the King and Gloucester agreeing to work together to find a solution to the ongoing conflict between the York and Lancaster factions.
Enter two Keepers, with cross-bows in their hands
Enter KING HENRY VI, disguised, with a prayerbook
SCENE II. London. The palace.
In Scene 2 of Act 3, several key characters are introduced. The Earl of Warwick is leading an army, and he meets with the Duke of York and his forces. They discuss their plans for battle and their intentions to overthrow the current king. Meanwhile, King Henry VI is meeting with his advisors and discussing the state of the kingdom. While the two groups are preparing for battle, a messenger arrives with news that the Duke of Somerset has been captured by the Yorkist forces. The King is distraught and orders a rescue mission, but the Earl of Warwick intercepts the group and engages in a battle. During the battle, the Duke of York is mortally wounded, but he orders his son, Edward, to continue the fight. The Yorkists are ultimately victorious, with the King and his forces retreating from the battlefield. The scene sets up the ongoing conflict between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians, as well as introducing the characters who will play key roles in the rest of the play. It also highlights the political and military tensions of the time, as various factions fought for power and control.
Enter KING EDWARD IV, GLOUCESTER, CLARENCE, and LADY GREY
GLOUCESTER and CLARENCE retire
Enter a Nobleman
Exeunt all but GLOUCESTER
SCENE III. France. KING LEWIS XI's palace.
In Scene 3 of Act 3, a battle is raging between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians. Warwick and Montague are leading the Yorkist army, while Somerset and Oxford are leading the Lancastrians. The two sides exchange insults and threats before the battle begins. As the fighting intensifies, Warwick kills Somerset and Oxford kills Montague. However, Oxford is then killed by a soldier named Clifford, who is seeking revenge for the death of his father at the hands of the Yorkists. Meanwhile, King Henry VI is wandering around the battlefield, confused and disoriented. Richard, Duke of Gloucester, finds him and offers to take him to safety. However, when they encounter Queen Margaret and her son, Prince Edward, Gloucester betrays Henry and joins forces with the Queen. The scene ends with Warwick and his army retreating, and the Queen and Prince Edward triumphant. However, the future of the kingdom is uncertain, as both sides are still fighting for control.
Flourish. Enter KING LEWIS XI, his sister BONA, his Admiral, called BOURBON, PRINCE EDWARD, QUEEN MARGARET, and OXFORD. KING LEWIS XI sits, and riseth up again
Enter WARWICK
He descends. She ariseth
They stand aloof
Post blows a horn within
Enter a Post
They all read their letters
Exit Post
He gives his hand to WARWICK
Exeunt all but WARWICK
Act IV
Act 4 of Henry VI, Part 3 opens with two armies preparing for battle. The Yorkist army is led by Edward IV, while the Lancastrian army is led by Queen Margaret.
During the battle, Warwick is killed by the Lancastrian forces, which causes the Yorkists to retreat. However, Edward IV returns with reinforcements and is able to defeat the Lancastrians, capturing Margaret and her son, Prince Edward.
Meanwhile, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, is shown to be plotting against his own family members to gain more power for himself. He convinces Edward IV to execute his own brother, George, Duke of Clarence, on charges of treason.
The act ends with Edward IV being crowned king and Margaret and Prince Edward being held captive.
SCENE I. London. The palace.
Scene 1 of Act 4 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place in the royal palace of King Edward IV. The king is discussing his plans for the upcoming battle with his brothers, the Duke of Clarence and the Duke of Gloucester. They are joined by Lord Hastings, who brings news that the Earl of Warwick has joined forces with the Queen and Prince Edward. The King is furious and orders his troops to prepare for battle immediately. He also decides to send the Duke of Gloucester and Lord Hastings to secure the city of London, which he fears may turn against him. As they leave, the Duke of Clarence expresses his concerns about the King's decision to execute his own brother, the Duke of Somerset. The King responds that he had no choice but to do so, as Somerset was plotting against him. Meanwhile, Warwick and his forces are preparing for battle. The Queen urges Warwick to make peace with the King, but he refuses, saying that he has given his allegiance to Prince Edward and will not betray him. The Queen is disappointed and fears for the safety of her son. The scene ends with the armies preparing for battle, setting the stage for the climactic final act of the play.
Enter GLOUCESTER, CLARENCE, SOMERSET, and MONTAGUE
Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV, attended; QUEEN ELIZABETH, PEMBROKE, STAFFORD, HASTINGS, and others
Enter a Post
Exit CLARENCE, and SOMERSET follows
SCENE II. A plain in Warwickshire.
In Scene 2 of Act 4, two armies are preparing to battle. The first army is led by the Duke of York and the second by Queen Margaret. The Duke of York is confident that he will win the battle, but his son, the Earl of Rutland, is worried about his father's safety. Queen Margaret approaches the Duke of York and insults him, telling him that he is not fit to be a king. The Duke of York responds by insulting her back, telling her that she is a shame to her gender. They continue to trade insults, and the tension between them grows. As the battle begins, the Duke of York and his son fight bravely, but they are outnumbered. The Earl of Rutland is captured by Queen Margaret's army, and she orders him to be killed. The Earl begs for his life, but Margaret is ruthless and orders her soldiers to kill him. The Duke of York is devastated by the loss of his son, and he vows to seek revenge. He tells his soldiers to continue fighting, and the battle rages on. Eventually, the Duke of York is also captured and killed by Queen Margaret's army. The scene ends with the news of the Duke of York's death spreading throughout the land. The future of the kingdom is uncertain, and the war between the houses of York and Lancaster seems far from over.
Enter WARWICK and OXFORD, with French soldiers
SCENE III. Edward's camp, near Warwick.
Scene 3 of Act 4 begins with King Edward IV and his troops at Coventry. Warwick, who was previously aligned with Edward IV, has now joined forces with Margaret of Anjou and the Lancastrians. Edward IV is furious and orders his troops to prepare for battle. Meanwhile, Warwick and his allies are also preparing for battle. Margaret of Anjou urges Warwick to remember his oath of loyalty to her and to fight against the "usurping" Edward IV. Warwick agrees, and the two sides engage in a fierce battle. During the battle, Warwick's brother Montague is killed, and Warwick is forced to flee the battlefield. Margaret of Anjou is captured by Edward IV's forces and brought before him. Edward IV is initially pleased to have his enemy in his grasp, but Margaret proves to be a fierce and defiant opponent. She taunts Edward IV and reminds him of the atrocities he and his brothers committed against the Lancastrians. Edward IV becomes increasingly angry and orders Margaret to be taken away and executed. However, his advisors urge him to spare her life, pointing out that she could be a valuable bargaining chip in future negotiations with the Lancastrians. Edward IV reluctantly agrees to spare Margaret's life, but warns her that if she continues to resist him, he will show her no mercy. The scene ends with Edward IV and his troops victorious on the battlefield, but with the Lancastrians still a powerful force to be reckoned with.
Enter three Watchmen, to guard KING EDWARD IV's tent
Enter WARWICK, CLARENCE, OXFORD, SOMERSET, and French soldiers, silent all
WARWICK and the rest cry all, 'Warwick! Warwick!' and set upon the Guard, who fly, crying, 'Arm! arm!' WARWICK and the rest following them
The drum playing and trumpet sounding, reenter WARWICK, SOMERSET, and the rest, bringing KING EDWARD IV out in his gown, sitting in a chair. RICHARD and HASTINGS fly over the stage
They lead him out forcibly
Exit, guarded
SCENE IV. London. The palace.
Scene 4 of Act 4 of Henry VI, Part 3 begins with the entrance of King Edward, Clarence, and their army. They are met by Warwick, Montague, and their own army. The two sides exchange insults and threats before the battle commences. During the battle, both sides suffer losses and casualties. Warwick's brother, Montague, is killed, which greatly angers Warwick. However, Warwick manages to kill Edward's brother, Richard, Duke of York. As the battle continues, Warwick and Edward have a confrontation. Warwick tells Edward that he has switched sides and is now supporting Margaret of Anjou, who is fighting against Edward for the throne. Edward is shocked and angered by this news. The scene ends with Warwick and Edward agreeing to meet again and continue the battle at a later time. Warwick leaves with his army, while Edward stays behind with his own troops.
Enter QUEEN ELIZABETH and RIVERS
SCENE V. A park near Middleham Castle In Yorkshire.
Scene 5 of Act 4 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place on the battlefield. The Earl of Warwick and his soldiers have just arrived and are preparing for battle against the opposing army led by Queen Margaret. Warwick is confident in his soldiers and their ability to defeat the enemy. As they prepare for battle, a messenger arrives with news that the Duke of York has been taken captive by the enemy. Warwick is shocked and dismayed by this news, as the Duke of York is their leader and without him, they may not be able to win the battle. However, Warwick is not one to give up easily. He rallies his soldiers and gives them an inspiring speech, urging them to fight bravely and to not give up hope. He reminds them that they are fighting for a just cause and that victory is within their grasp if they remain steadfast. The soldiers are inspired by Warwick's words and they charge into battle with renewed vigor. The fighting is intense and bloody, but Warwick and his soldiers are able to triumph over the enemy forces. Queen Margaret is captured and brought before Warwick, who is triumphant in his victory. Despite the loss of the Duke of York, Warwick and his soldiers have proven themselves to be strong and resilient. They have fought bravely for what they believe in and have emerged victorious, cementing their place in history as heroes of their cause.
Enter GLOUCESTER, HASTINGS, and STANLEY
Enter KING EDWARD IV and a Huntsman with him
SCENE VI. London. The Tower.
Scene 6 of Act 4 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place on the battlefield, where the Duke of York has been killed by the Lancastrian army. His sons, Edward and Richard, arrive to mourn their father's death and vow revenge against the Lancastrians. As they mourn, Warwick arrives with news that the Lancastrian army is approaching. Edward decides to stay and fight, while Richard suggests they retreat and regroup. Warwick agrees with Richard, and they all leave the battlefield. Meanwhile, Queen Margaret, the wife of King Henry VI, arrives with her army and finds the dead body of the Duke of York. She orders his head to be cut off and placed on a stake, to serve as a warning to any other Yorkist sympathizers. As she is gloating over her victory, Richard, Edward, and Warwick return with their army. They engage in battle with the Lancastrians, and in the chaos, Margaret is captured. Warwick orders her to be taken to the Duke of York's severed head, as a symbolic gesture of revenge. Scene 6 of Act 4 is a pivotal moment in the play, as it marks the turning point in the Yorkist-Lancastrian conflict. The death of the Duke of York and subsequent revenge plot by his sons sets the stage for the Wars of the Roses, which will continue to rage on for many years to come.
Flourish. Enter KING HENRY VI, CLARENCE, WARWICK, SOMERSET, HENRY OF RICHMOND, OXFORD, MONTAGUE, and Lieutenant of the Tower
Enter a Post
Exeunt all but SOMERSET, HENRY OF RICHMOND, and OXFORD
SCENE VII. Before York.
In Scene 7 of Act 4, the Duke of York and his sons arrive at a castle in Wakefield, where they are met by Queen Margaret and her army. The two sides exchange insults and threats, and York's youngest son, Rutland, is captured by the Queen's forces. Margaret orders Rutland to be killed, despite his young age, and he is brutally murdered. The Duke of York is devastated by his son's death and vows to seek revenge against the Queen and her allies. The scene is filled with tension and violence, as the two sides confront each other in a battle of wills. The Queen is determined to assert her power and crush her enemies, while the Duke of York is equally determined to defend his family and his honor. The death of Rutland is a tragic moment, highlighting the brutality and senselessness of war. The language used in the scene is highly poetic and dramatic, with both sides engaging in lengthy speeches and insults. The characters are larger-than-life and passionate in their beliefs, making for a gripping and intense scene. Overall, Scene 7 of Act 4 is a powerful moment in the play, showcasing the themes of power, revenge, and tragedy that run throughout the story. It is a reminder of the human cost of conflict and the devastating impact it can have on individuals and families.
Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV, GLOUCESTER, HASTINGS, and Soldiers
Enter, on the walls, the Mayor of York, and his Brethren
They descend
Enter the Mayor and two Aldermen, below
March. Enter MONTGOMERY, with drum and soldiers
The drum begins to march
Flourish
Throws down his gauntlet
SCENE VIII. London. The palace.
Scene 8 of Act 4 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place on a battlefield. King Edward IV and his army are fighting against the forces of Queen Margaret and the Lancastrians. Warwick, one of Edward's allies, has been killed in battle. Edward is grieving the loss of Warwick and vows to avenge his death. He orders his soldiers to continue fighting, even though they are outnumbered. Margaret enters the scene and taunts Edward, telling him that he will soon be defeated. Edward responds by insulting Margaret and her army. The battle continues, and both sides suffer heavy losses. Eventually, Edward's army gains the upper hand and Margaret is captured. Edward orders her to be taken away and executed. Margaret curses Edward and predicts that he will not have a long reign as king. The scene ends with Edward victorious, but mourning the loss of his friend and ally, Warwick. It sets the stage for the final act of the play, which will see Edward facing new challenges as he tries to maintain his hold on the throne.
Flourish. Enter KING HENRY VI, WARWICK, MONTAGUE, CLARENCE, EXETER, and OXFORD
Exeunt all but KING HENRY VI and EXETER
Shout within. 'A Lancaster! A Lancaster!'
Enter KING EDWARD IV, GLOUCESTER, and soldiers
Act V
Act 5 of Henry VI, Part 3 follows the final battles between the York and Lancaster houses during the Wars of the Roses. King Henry VI is imprisoned by the Yorkists and is visited by his wife, Queen Margaret, who tries to rally him for one last fight. Meanwhile, Richard III, the Duke of Gloucester, is plotting to overthrow his own brother, King Edward IV, and become king himself.
The Lancastrians, led by Queen Margaret and the Duke of Somerset, engage in battle with the Yorkists at Tewkesbury. The Lancastrians are defeated and Somerset is killed. Queen Margaret is captured by the Yorkists and King Edward IV orders her execution.
Meanwhile, Richard III murders King Henry VI in the Tower of London. Richard then confronts his brother, Edward IV, accusing him of being too lenient towards their enemies. Edward IV banishes Richard to the north of England.
The play ends with Edward IV and his queen celebrating the birth of their son, Prince Edward, and the Yorkist victory in the Wars of the Roses. However, the audience is left with the ominous knowledge that Richard III will eventually become king and bring about his own downfall.
SCENE I. Coventry.
In Scene 1 of Act 5, the Duke of York's sons, Edward and Richard, are celebrating their victory over the Lancastrian army. They discuss their plans for the future and the possibility of becoming kings. Suddenly, Warwick and Montague arrive with news that the Lancastrian army has regrouped and is marching towards them. The Duke of York arrives and orders his sons to prepare for battle. He is confident that they can defeat the Lancastrians again. However, he is unaware that his ally, the Earl of Warwick, has switched sides and now supports the Lancastrian cause. The Lancastrian army arrives and the two sides engage in battle. The Duke of York is killed by the Lancastrian soldiers, and his death sends shockwaves through the Yorkist army. Edward and Richard are devastated by their father's death, but they vow to avenge him and continue fighting. The scene ends with Warwick and Montague pledging their allegiance to the new Lancastrian king, Henry VI. The Yorkist cause seems to be in jeopardy, and it is unclear what the future holds for Edward and Richard.
Enter WARWICK, the Mayor of Coventry, two Messengers, and others upon the walls
Enter SIR JOHN SOMERVILLE
Drum heard
March: flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV, GLOUCESTER, and soldiers
Enter OXFORD, with drum and colours
He and his forces enter the city
Enter MONTAGUE with drum and colours
He and his forces enter the city
Enter SOMERSET, with drum and colours
He and his forces enter the city
Enter CLARENCE, with drum and colours
SCENE II. A field of battle near Barnet.
In Scene 2 of Act 5, a battle is taking place between the York and Lancaster factions. The Duke of York has been killed, but his son Edward is leading the Yorkist army. The Lancastrians are struggling and are outnumbered. Queen Margaret, the wife of King Henry VI, is leading the Lancastrian army. She is frustrated with her soldiers and their lack of commitment to the cause. She gives a rousing speech to try and inspire them to fight harder. Edward enters the scene and taunts Margaret, telling her that her husband is a prisoner and she has lost the battle. Margaret challenges him to a one-on-one fight, but Edward refuses and instead orders his men to attack. The Lancastrians are defeated and many are killed. Margaret is taken prisoner and Edward orders her to be executed. However, his brothers, George and Richard, persuade him to spare her life and keep her as a prisoner. The scene ends with Edward declaring himself king and promising to restore order to England.
Alarum and excursions. Enter KING EDWARD IV, bringing forth WARWICK wounded
Exit
Enter OXFORD and SOMERSET
Dies
SCENE III. Another part of the field.
Scene 3 of Act 5 of Henry VI, Part 3 takes place in a battlefield where King Edward IV and his army are fighting against the army of King Henry VI and the Duke of Somerset. King Edward IV is confident that he will emerge victorious, but the Duke of Somerset urges his troops to fight on and not give up. As the battle rages on, King Henry VI is captured by the Yorkists and is brought before King Edward IV. King Edward IV is initially hesitant to kill King Henry VI, but his brothers Clarence and Gloucester convince him that it is necessary to secure his claim to the throne. They stab King Henry VI to death, and King Edward IV orders his body to be taken away and buried with honor. The scene ends with a conversation between King Edward IV and Warwick, who is now allied with him. They discuss their plans for the future and the possibility of marrying King Edward IV to a French princess to secure an alliance with France. King Edward IV agrees to the plan and the two men depart, leaving the battlefield behind them.
Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV in triumph; with GLOUCESTER, CLARENCE, and the rest
SCENE IV. Plains near Tewksbury.
Scene 4 of Act 5 of Henry VI, Part 3 features the death of King Henry VI. The scene takes place in the Tower of London where King Edward IV has ordered his men to kill King Henry VI. The scene begins with King Henry VI praying for peace and expressing his sorrow for the war that has caused so much bloodshed and destruction. As King Henry VI continues to pray, two of King Edward IV’s men enter the room and prepare to kill him. King Henry VI is initially unaware of their presence, but when he turns around and sees them he does not resist. He tells them to do what they came to do and he accepts his fate. One of the men kills King Henry VI with a sword and the other man comments on how easy it was to kill him. However, the man who actually killed the king feels guilty and remorseful. He tells his companion that he wishes he could undo what he has done and that he feels like he has committed a great sin. The scene ends with the two men leaving the room and King Henry VI’s body lying on the ground. The death of King Henry VI marks the end of the War of the Roses and the beginning of King Edward IV’s reign.
March. Enter QUEEN MARGARET, PRINCE EDWARD, SOMERSET, OXFORD, and soldiers
Enter a Messenger
Flourish and march. Enter KING EDWARD IV, GLOUCESTER, CLARENCE, and soldiers
SCENE V. Another part of the field.
Scene 5 of Act 5 is a tense and dramatic moment in the play. It takes place on the battlefield, where the armies of the Yorkists and Lancastrians are engaged in a brutal fight. The Yorkists, led by Edward, are gaining the upper hand, and the Lancastrians, led by Queen Margaret, are struggling to hold their ground. In the midst of the chaos, the Lancastrian soldier Clifford catches sight of his father's dead body on the ground. Overwhelmed with grief and anger, he vows to avenge his father's death by killing Edward. He charges towards Edward, but is quickly surrounded by Yorkist soldiers. Edward himself enters the fray, and a fierce battle ensues between him and Clifford. Despite being an older man, Clifford proves to be a formidable opponent, and the two men fight fiercely. Eventually, Edward manages to gain the upper hand and kills Clifford. The death of Clifford sends shockwaves through the Lancastrian army, and Queen Margaret is devastated by the loss. She is left to contemplate the futility of the war and the tragic consequences of her actions. Overall, Scene 5 of Act 5 is a gripping and emotional moment in the play, capturing the brutal reality of war and the devastating impact it can have on individuals and families. It also highlights the themes of revenge and the cyclical nature of violence, as the characters are caught up in a never-ending cycle of violence and retribution.
Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV, GLOUCESTER, CLARENCE, and soldiers; with QUEEN MARGARET, OXFORD, and SOMERSET, prisoners
Exeunt Oxford and Somerset, guarded
Enter soldiers, with PRINCE EDWARD
Stabs him
Stabs him
Stabs him
Offers to kill her
Exit
Exit, led out forcibly
SCENE VI. London. The Tower.
Scene 6 of Act 5 of Henry VI, Part 3 is a scene set on the battlefield where the Yorkists and the Lancastrians are fighting. The Duke of York has been killed and his son, the future King Edward IV, is leading the Yorkist army. The Lancastrians are led by Queen Margaret and her son, Prince Edward. The battle is fierce and both sides are losing men. Prince Edward and his tutor, Exeter, are separated from the rest of the Lancastrian army and are surrounded by Yorkist soldiers. Exeter is killed and Prince Edward is taken prisoner by the Yorkists. Meanwhile, Queen Margaret is fighting bravely but is eventually captured by the Yorkists. She is brought before Edward IV, who taunts her and blames her for the deaths of his father and brother. Margaret responds with anger and defiance, and Edward orders her to be taken away and beheaded. The scene ends with Edward IV and his soldiers celebrating their victory. The Yorkists have won the battle and the war seems to be over. However, the seeds of the next conflict are already being sown, as the Earl of Warwick, who has fought for the Yorkists, is beginning to feel disillusioned with Edward's leadership and is considering switching sides.
Enter KING HENRY VI and GLOUCESTER, with the Lieutenant, on the walls
Exit Lieutenant
Dies
SCENE VII. London. The palace.
In Scene 7 of Act 5, two armies face each other in a field. The Yorkist army is led by King Edward IV, while the Lancastrian army is led by Queen Margaret. The two sides engage in battle, with both suffering losses. The Yorkists gain the upper hand, and Queen Margaret is captured. King Edward orders her to be executed, but his younger brother, Richard, objects and suggests sending her to a convent instead. However, King Edward insists that she must die. As Margaret is led away to be executed, she delivers a powerful speech, cursing the Yorkist leaders and prophesying their downfall. She also laments the loss of her husband and son, who were killed in earlier battles. After Margaret is executed, King Edward orders his soldiers to cut off her head and mount it on the city walls as a warning to anyone who would dare to oppose him. The play ends with King Edward and his allies celebrating their victory and consolidating their power.
Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV, QUEEN ELIZABETH, CLARENCE, GLOUCESTER, HASTINGS, a Nurse with the young Prince, and Attendants
Exeunt