Henry VIII
by
William Shakespeare
Henry VIII is a historical play that depicts the life of King Henry VIII of England and his tumultuous reign. The play begins with the arrival of Cardinal Wolsey, who is a close confidante of King Henry VIII. The two discuss the king's desire to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and marry Anne Boleyn in order to secure a male heir to the throne. Wolsey arranges for the king's divorce, but his actions ultimately lead to his downfall.
The play also focuses on the relationship between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, as well as the political and religious upheaval that occurred during Henry's reign. The play depicts the rise of Protestantism in England, as well as the dissolution of the monasteries and the suppression of the Catholic Church.
Throughout the play, there are several important historical events that are depicted, including the birth of Henry and Anne's daughter, Elizabeth I, the execution of Anne Boleyn, and the death of Henry VIII. The play also introduces several important historical figures, including Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cranmer, and Catherine of Aragon.
Overall, Henry VIII is a complex and engaging play that depicts the political and religious turmoil of the Tudor period. It explores themes of power, love, and betrayal, and offers a fascinating glimpse into one of the most tumultuous periods in English history.
The Prologue from "Henry VIII" sets the stage for the historical events that are about to unfold. It begins by acknowledging the limitations of theater and asking the audience to use their imagination to fill in the gaps.
The Prologue then introduces the main characters and their relationships. King Henry VIII is described as a noble and wise ruler, and his queen, Katherine of Aragon, is praised for her virtues and beauty. Cardinal Wolsey, a prominent figure in Henry's court, is also mentioned, emphasizing his influence and power.
The Prologue foreshadows the central conflict of the play, which revolves around Henry's desire for a male heir and his intention to divorce Katherine in order to marry Anne Boleyn. It hints at the political and religious consequences that this decision will have on England.
Additionally, the Prologue briefly mentions the religious tensions of the time, alluding to the Reformation and the growing influence of Protestantism. It highlights the contrasting opinions and divisions within the Church and society.
As the Prologue concludes, it calls upon the audience to actively engage with the performance and draw their own conclusions. It suggests that the events to be portrayed are based on real historical events and encourages the audience to reflect on the complexities of power, loyalty, and the consequences of individual actions.
The Prologue from "Henry VIII" serves as an introductory address, providing necessary context and setting the tone for the play. It invites the audience to immerse themselves in the historical drama that is about to unfold, encouraging them to contemplate the themes and moral dilemmas presented throughout the narrative.
THE PROLOGUE
Act I
Act 1 of Henry VIII follows the arrival of the Duke of Buckingham, who is accused of treason by Cardinal Wolsey. Buckingham is sent to the Tower of London to await trial. The scene then shifts to the palace, where King Henry VIII discusses the matter with Wolsey and other advisors. They discuss the possibility of a divorce between Henry and his wife, Catherine of Aragon, as she has not borne him a son. Wolsey suggests that they seek the help of the Pope to annul the marriage, but the idea is met with resistance from the advisors.
The next scene takes place at a masquerade ball, where Anne Bullen catches the eye of the king. He becomes infatuated with her and begins to court her, despite her being a lady-in-waiting to Queen Catherine. Meanwhile, Cardinal Wolsey continues to manipulate the situation to his advantage, hoping to become the next Pope. He works to secure the support of the French and Spanish ambassadors.
The act ends with the trial of Buckingham, who proclaims his innocence but is found guilty and sentenced to death. The king is seen as hesitant to sign the execution order, but ultimately does so. The act sets up the central conflicts of the play, including the struggle for power between Wolsey and the king, the question of the divorce, and the burgeoning romance between Henry and Anne.
SCENE I. London. An ante-chamber in the palace.
Scene 1 of Act 1 of Henry VIII introduces the arrival of the Duke of Buckingham. He is met by the Lord Chamberlain, who informs him that he has been summoned to appear before Cardinal Wolsey and the king's council. Buckingham is confused as to why he has been summoned and fears that he may be in trouble. The Lord Chamberlain assures him that he has nothing to fear as the council only wishes to question him about certain rumors that have been circulating about him. Despite the Lord Chamberlain's reassurances, Buckingham is still uneasy about the situation and expresses his concerns to his servant. He worries that he may have unwittingly offended the king or Cardinal Wolsey and that this is why he has been summoned. His servant tries to calm him down and advises him to speak the truth when he appears before the council. The scene ends with the arrival of Cardinal Wolsey, who greets Buckingham and invites him to follow him to the council chamber. Buckingham is still nervous, but agrees to go with him. The Lord Chamberlain and Buckingham's servant exit, leaving Wolsey and Buckingham alone on stage. Wolsey expresses his concerns about Buckingham to the audience, suggesting that he may be plotting against the king and that the council needs to investigate him further.
Enter NORFOLK at one door; at the other, BUCKINGHAM and ABERGAVENNY
Enter CARDINAL WOLSEY, the purse borne before him, certain of the Guard, and two Secretaries with papers. CARDINAL WOLSEY in his passage fixeth his eye on BUCKINGHAM, and BUCKINGHAM on him, both full of disdain
Exeunt CARDINAL WOLSEY and his Train
Enter BRANDON, a Sergeant-at-arms before him, and two or three of the Guard
Exeunt
SCENE II. The same. The council-chamber.
Scene 2 of Act 1 of Henry VIII depicts a gathering of the nobility of England at the palace of Cardinal Wolsey. The purpose of this gathering is to discuss the possible war between England and France. Wolsey, who is acting as the mediator, tries to convince the Duke of Buckingham to support the war effort. However, Buckingham is not convinced and argues that the country is not ready for war and that it would be too costly. As the conversation continues, the Duke of Norfolk enters and informs Wolsey that the King wishes to speak with him. Wolsey leaves the room, and Buckingham expresses his distrust of the Cardinal, suspecting that he is trying to gain more power and influence. Norfolk defends Wolsey, stating that he is a loyal servant of the King and that his intentions are honorable. When Wolsey returns, he informs the assembled nobles that the King wants to meet with them. The Duke of Buckingham expresses his concerns once more, and Wolsey tries to reassure him by saying that the King only wishes to discuss matters of state. The scene ends with the nobles agreeing to meet with the King and Wolsey, and Buckingham still expressing his doubts and suspicions about the Cardinal's true motives.
Cornets. Enter KING HENRY VIII, leaning on CARDINAL WOLSEY's shoulder, the Nobles, and LOVELL; CARDINAL WOLSEY places himself under KING HENRY VIII's feet on his right side
A noise within, crying 'Room for the Queen!' Enter QUEEN KATHARINE, ushered by NORFOLK, and SUFFOLK: she kneels. KING HENRY VIII riseth from his state, takes her up, kisses and placeth her by him
Exit Secretary
Enter Surveyor
Exeunt
SCENE III. An ante-chamber in the palace.
Scene 3 of Act 1 of Henry VIII takes place in a council chamber where the Duke of Norfolk, the Duke of Buckingham, and Lord Abergavenny are discussing the upcoming trial of the Duke of Buckingham. They express their sympathy for him and their dislike of Cardinal Wolsey, whom they believe is responsible for the Duke's downfall. Cardinal Wolsey enters the room and informs them that the trial will take place the next day. He assures them that justice will be served and that he has no personal vendetta against the Duke. However, the others remain suspicious of his motives and continue to criticize him. The Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Buckingham exchange insults, and the tension in the room increases. The Duke of Buckingham is eventually escorted out of the room, and the others discuss their plans for the future. They express their desire to see Wolsey removed from power and their hope that the King will take their side. The scene ends with the Duke of Norfolk and Lord Abergavenny leaving the room, leaving Cardinal Wolsey alone. He reflects on his own power and the plots against him, but remains confident in his abilities to maintain control.
Enter Chamberlain and SANDS
Exeunt
SCENE IV. A Hall in York Place.
Scene 4 of Act 1 takes place in the palace of Cardinal Wolsey. The Duke of Buckingham is brought before Wolsey, who accuses him of treasonous activities against the king. Buckingham denies the accusations and demands a fair trial, but Wolsey manipulates the situation to ensure that Buckingham is found guilty. As the scene progresses, Buckingham's fate becomes increasingly evident. Wolsey convinces the king to sign a warrant for Buckingham's arrest and trial, and the Duke is led away to the Tower of London. Wolsey revels in his victory, but is also concerned about the potential backlash from the people, who hold Buckingham in high regard. The scene is full of political intrigue and manipulation. Wolsey is portrayed as a scheming and power-hungry figure, willing to do whatever it takes to maintain his position at court. Buckingham, on the other hand, is a noble and honorable character who is ultimately betrayed by those around him. The themes of justice, power, and loyalty are all explored in this scene. The characters' actions and motivations are complex and multi-layered, making for a gripping and thought-provoking piece of drama.
Hautboys. A small table under a state for CARDINAL WOLSEY, a longer table for the guests. Then enter ANNE and divers other Ladies and Gentlemen as guests, at one door; at another door, enter GUILDFORD
Kisses her
Hautboys. Enter CARDINAL WOLSEY, and takes his state
Drinks
Drum and trumpet, chambers discharged
Exit Servant
Re-enter Servant
They choose Ladies for the dance. KING HENRY VIII chooses ANNE
Music. Dance
Whispers the Masquers
Exeunt with trumpets
Act II
Act 2 of Henry VIII is primarily concerned with the political maneuverings surrounding the King's divorce from his first wife, Queen Katherine, and his subsequent marriage to Anne Boleyn. The act opens with a conversation between the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Buckingham, in which they discuss the political implications of the King's decision to divorce Katherine. Buckingham is opposed to the divorce and warns Norfolk of the danger of going against the will of the people.
Meanwhile, Cardinal Wolsey, the King's chief advisor, is scheming to maintain his own power and influence in the face of the changing political landscape. He convinces the King to send him to Rome to petition the Pope to grant the divorce, hoping to curry favor with the King and secure his own position. However, the Pope refuses to grant the divorce, and Wolsey's plan backfires.
At the same time, Anne Boleyn begins to assert her own influence over the King, further complicating the political situation. She flirts with the King and encourages his interest in her, causing tension between him and Katherine. The act ends with Katherine's defiant refusal to accept the divorce, setting the stage for the conflict to come in later acts.
SCENE I. Westminster. A street.
Scene 1 of Act 2 sees the Duke of Buckingham being arrested for high treason. He is brought before Cardinal Wolsey and the Lord Chamberlain who accuse him of plotting against the king. Buckingham denies the accusations and demands to speak with the king. Wolsey and the Chamberlain refuse his request and instead reveal that they have evidence of his treasonous activities, including letters written in his own hand. Buckingham continues to protest his innocence but is ultimately taken away to the Tower of London. As he is led offstage, he delivers a soliloquy in which he reflects on the downfall of others who were once in positions of power and wonders if the same fate awaits him. Meanwhile, the Earl of Surrey and the Duke of Norfolk discuss the situation and express their support for Buckingham. They believe that he has been unjustly accused and that Wolsey is behind the plot to bring him down. Surrey also expresses his romantic interest in Anne Boleyn, who he believes will soon become the king's mistress. The scene ends with a conversation between Wolsey and the Lord Chancellor, who express their satisfaction with Buckingham's arrest and discuss how they can use the situation to further their own political ambitions. Wolsey reveals that he has a plan to convince the king to divorce his wife and marry Anne Boleyn, which he believes will strengthen his own position at court.
Enter two Gentlemen, meeting
Enter BUCKINGHAM from his arraignment; tip-staves before him; the axe with the edge towards him; halberds on each side: accompanied with LOVELL, VAUX, SANDS, and common people
Exeunt BUCKINGHAM and Train
Exeunt
SCENE II. An ante-chamber in the palace.
Scene 2 of Act 2 of Henry VIII begins with the entrance of Cardinal Wolsey's servants, Cromwell and Griffith. The two men discuss the Cardinal's recent fall from grace and the various accusations that have been made against him. Cromwell points out that the Cardinal's enemies are powerful and numerous, and that he is unlikely to be able to defend himself against their attacks. Griffith expresses sympathy for the Cardinal but also acknowledges that he may have brought some of his problems upon himself. He notes that the Cardinal's extravagant lifestyle and love of luxury have made him many enemies among the common people and the nobility alike. As the two men continue to talk, they are interrupted by the entrance of the Duke of Buckingham. Buckingham is also a powerful and influential figure at court, but he has fallen out of favor with the King and is now under suspicion of treason. He tells Cromwell and Griffith that he has been arrested and brought before the King, who has accused him of plotting against him. Buckingham insists that he is innocent of any wrongdoing and begs the two men to intercede on his behalf with the King. Cromwell and Griffith promise to do what they can to help him, but they also warn him that his situation is perilous and that he should be careful not to say or do anything that might make his situation worse. The scene ends with Buckingham expressing his gratitude to the two men and making plans to flee the country if he is unable to clear his name.
Enter Chamberlain, reading a letter
Enter, to Chamberlain, NORFOLK and SUFFOLK
Exit Chamberlain; and KING HENRY VIII draws the curtain, and sits reading pensively
Exeunt NORFOLK and SUFFOLK
Exit CARDINAL WOLSEY
Re-enter CARDINAL WOLSEY, with GARDINER
Walks and whispers
Exeunt
SCENE III. An ante-chamber of the QUEEN'S apartments.
Scene 3 of Act 2 begins with the arrival of Cardinal Wolsey at the Duke of Buckingham's trial. Buckingham is accused of treason and the trial is being held in Westminster Hall. Wolsey enters with his attendants and takes his place on the bench. The trial begins with the reading of the indictment against Buckingham. He is accused of speaking ill of the king and plotting against him. Buckingham denies the charges and demands to face his accusers. The Duke of Norfolk, who is the Lord High Steward presiding over the trial, refuses Buckingham's request and orders the trial to continue. Next, several witnesses are called to testify against Buckingham. They accuse him of various treasonous acts, including meeting with foreign ambassadors and discussing the possibility of overthrowing the king. Buckingham again denies the charges and maintains his innocence. As the trial continues, Buckingham grows more and more agitated. He realizes that he has no chance of receiving a fair trial and that the outcome has already been decided. He delivers a powerful speech in which he condemns Wolsey and the other members of the court for their corruption and injustice. Despite Buckingham's impassioned defense, the court finds him guilty of treason and sentences him to death. Buckingham accepts his fate with dignity and nobility, declaring that he is ready to face his maker. The scene ends with Buckingham being led away to his execution, while the other characters reflect on the tragic outcome of his trial.
Enter ANNE and an Old Lady
Enter Chamberlain
Exit Chamberlain
Exeunt
SCENE IV. A hall in Black-Friars.
In Scene 4 of Act 2 of Henry VIII, two gentlemen discuss the recent arrival of Cardinal Wolsey and his influence on the king. They note that the Cardinal has amassed great wealth and power, and that he now seems to be the one in control of the kingdom. One of the gentlemen expresses concern that the Cardinal's ambition may ultimately lead to his downfall, as he has made many enemies in his rise to power. As they continue to talk, the gentlemen are interrupted by the arrival of a messenger, who brings news that the king's council has decided to arrest the Duke of Buckingham on charges of treason. The gentlemen are surprised by this turn of events, as Buckingham had always been a loyal supporter of the king. They speculate that the Duke's downfall may have been caused by the machinations of the Cardinal, who they believe is jealous of Buckingham's popularity and influence. The scene ends with the gentlemen expressing their sadness at the Duke's fate, and their fear that the Cardinal's power will continue to grow unchecked. They vow to remain vigilant and to do what they can to protect the kingdom from the Cardinal's schemes.
Trumpets, sennet, and cornets. Enter two Vergers, with short silver wands; next them, two Scribes, in the habit of doctors; after them, CANTERBURY alone; after him, LINCOLN, Ely, Rochester, and Saint Asaph; next them, with some small distance, follows a Gentleman bearing the purse, with the great seal, and a cardinal's hat; then two Priests, bearing each a silver cross; then a Gentleman-usher bare-headed, accompanied with a Sergeant-at-arms bearing a silver mace; then two Gentlemen bearing two great silver pillars; after them, side by side, CARDINAL WOLSEY and CARDINAL CAMPEIUS; two Noblemen with the sword and mace. KING HENRY VIII takes place under the cloth of state; CARDINAL WOLSEY and CARDINAL CAMPEIUS sit under him as judges. QUEEN KATHARINE takes place some distance from KING HENRY VIII. The Bishops place themselves on each side the court, in manner of a consistory; below them, the Scribes. The Lords sit next the Bishops. The rest of the Attendants stand in convenient order about the stage
QUEEN KATHARINE makes no answer, rises out of her chair, goes about the court, comes to KING HENRY VIII, and kneels at his feet; then speaks
She curtsies to KING HENRY VIII, and offers to depart
Exeunt QUEEN KATHARINE and her Attendants
Exeunt in manner as they entered
Act III
Act 3 of Henry VIII is a dramatic and pivotal moment in the play. The act starts with a confrontation between the Duke of Norfolk and Cardinal Wolsey, where Norfolk accuses Wolsey of being corrupt and power-hungry. Wolsey denies the accusations and tries to shift the blame onto the Duke of Buckingham, who has been executed for treason.
Meanwhile, the king's attention is focused on his marriage to Queen Katherine, who has refused to accept the annulment of their marriage. The king is determined to divorce Katherine and marry Anne Boleyn, but Katherine refuses to give up her title and position as queen. The act culminates in a tense confrontation between the king and Katherine, where she delivers a powerful speech defending her honor and her right to be queen. The king is moved by her words but remains steadfast in his determination to divorce her.
The act ends with a grand procession celebrating the birth of Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of the king and Anne Boleyn. The celebration is overshadowed by the growing tension between the king and the Catholic Church, as well as the rising power of the Protestant Reformation in England.
SCENE I. London. QUEEN KATHARINE's apartments.
Scene 1 of Act 3 begins with a conversation between two gentlemen discussing the impending trial of Queen Katherine. The men express their sympathy for the queen and their belief that the trial is unjust. Cardinal Wolsey enters and expresses his concern about the queen's popularity among the people. He suggests that the king should be present at the trial to show his support for the proceedings. The Duke of Norfolk then enters and criticizes Wolsey for his handling of the situation. Norfolk accuses Wolsey of being too concerned with his own power and influence rather than the well-being of the kingdom. The conversation turns to the king's relationship with Anne Boleyn and Wolsey suggests that the king may be swayed to abandon Anne if he believes it is in the best interest of the country. Norfolk disagrees and defends Anne's honor. The scene ends with Wolsey expressing his concern about the growing power of the Protestant movement and the potential threat it poses to the Catholic Church.
Enter QUEEN KATHARINE and her Women, as at work
Enter a Gentleman
Enter CARDINAL WOLSEY and CARDINAL CAMPEIUS
Exeunt
SCENE II. Ante-chamber to KING HENRY VIII's apartment.
In Scene 2 of Act 3, a conversation takes place between two gentlemen who are discussing the upcoming trial of Queen Katherine. They express their sympathy for her and their doubts about the legitimacy of the charges against her. They also discuss the powerful influence of the Duke of Norfolk and his role in the trial. The men are interrupted by the arrival of the Duke himself, who enters with a group of lords. The Duke is eager to ensure a guilty verdict for Katherine, but the other men express their reservations about the fairness of the trial. The Duke dismisses their concerns and insists that the trial will proceed as planned. As the conversation continues, the Duke becomes increasingly agitated and aggressive. He accuses the other men of being sympathetic to Katherine and threatens them with violence. The men are taken aback by his behavior and begin to question his fitness for his position of power. The scene ends with the Duke storming out in anger, leaving the other men to ponder the implications of his actions. They realize that the trial will be a pivotal moment in the history of their country, with far-reaching consequences for the monarchy and the people of England.
Enter NORFOLK, SUFFOLK, SURREY, and Chamberlain
Enter CARDINAL WOLSEY and CROMWELL
Enter KING HENRY VIII, reading of a schedule, and LOVELL
King HENRY VIII takes his seat; whispers LOVELL, who goes to CARDINAL WOLSEY
Exit KING HENRY VIII, frowning upon CARDINAL WOLSEY: the Nobles throng after him, smiling and whispering
Re-enter to CARDINAL WOLSEY, NORFOLK and SUFFOLK, SURREY, and the Chamberlain
Exeunt all but CARDINAL WOLSEY
Exeunt
Act IV
Act 4 of Henry VIII begins with the trial of Queen Katherine, who is accused of not being a rightful wife to the King. The trial is presided over by Cardinal Wolsey and takes place in front of a panel of judges. Katherine defends herself passionately, insisting that she is the true wife of the King and that he has been misled by those who surround him. However, the verdict goes against her and she is stripped of her title and banished from court.
Following the trial, the focus shifts to the King's new love interest, Anne Boleyn. She is being courted by the King, who is eager to make her his next queen. However, Anne is hesitant and demands that the King marry her before they consummate their relationship. The King agrees, and they are soon married in a secret ceremony.
The rest of Act 4 is dominated by the celebrations surrounding the King's marriage to Anne. There is a grand procession through the streets of London, and everyone is swept up in the excitement of the occasion. The King is pleased with his new wife, and there is a sense of optimism and hope for the future of England.
Overall, Act 4 of Henry VIII is a pivotal moment in the play. It marks the end of Katherine's reign as Queen and the beginning of a new era with Anne Boleyn. The trial and subsequent banishment of Katherine highlights the power struggles that were common in Tudor England, while the celebrations surrounding the King's marriage to Anne show the importance of political alliances and the need for a stable succession.
SCENE I. A street in Westminster.
In Scene 1 of Act 4, two gentlemen discuss the recent events in England, including the downfall of Cardinal Wolsey and the rise of Thomas Cromwell. They also remark on Queen Katherine's deteriorating health and her impending divorce from the King. Suddenly, a messenger arrives with news that the Queen has died. The gentlemen reflect on Katherine's noble character and her unwavering devotion to the Catholic Church. They also discuss the implications of her death for the King, who is now free to marry his mistress Anne Boleyn. One of the gentlemen predicts that Anne will soon face a similar fate as Katherine, as the King's affections are fickle and unpredictable. Overall, Scene 1 of Act 4 is a somber and reflective moment in the play, as characters grapple with the consequences of political and personal turmoil. It also foreshadows the coming conflicts and tragedies that will shape the rest of the story.
Enter two Gentlemen, meeting one another
Hautboys
THE ORDER OF THE CORONATION
1. A lively flourish of Trumpets.
2. Then, two Judges.
3. Lord Chancellor, with the purse and mace before him.
4. Choristers, singing.
Music
5. Mayor of London, bearing the mace. Then Garter, in his coat of arms, and on his head a gilt copper crown.
6. Marquess Dorset, bearing a sceptre of gold, on his head a demi-coronal of gold. With him, SURREY, bearing the rod of silver with the dove, crowned with an earl's coronet. Collars of SS.
7. SUFFOLK, in his robe of estate, his coronet on his head, bearing a long white wand, as high-steward. With him, NORFOLK, with the rod of marshalship, a coronet on his head. Collars of SS.
8. A canopy borne by four of the Cinque-ports; under it, QUEEN ANNE in her robe; in her hair richly adorned with pearl, crowned. On each side her, the Bishops of London and Winchester.
9. The old Duchess of Norfolk, in a coronal of gold, wrought with flowers, bearing QUEEN ANNE's train.
10. Certain Ladies or Countesses, with plain circlets of gold without flowers.
They pass over the stage in order and state
Exit procession, and then a great flourish of trumpets
Enter a third Gentleman
Exeunt
SCENE II. Kimbolton.
Act 4, Scene 2 takes place in an antechamber where the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Suffolk enter and discuss the impending downfall of the Duke of Buckingham. They are soon joined by the Lord Chamberlain and the Earl of Surrey, who express sympathy for Buckingham and concern for their own safety in the volatile political climate at court. The group is interrupted by the entrance of the King's messenger, who announces that the King wishes to see the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Suffolk. The Lord Chamberlain and the Earl of Surrey are also summoned, leaving the stage empty except for a solitary gentleman who muses on the corrupt nature of politics and the fall of powerful men. Shortly after, Buckingham is brought in under guard and the gentleman confronts him, accusing him of treason and urging him to confess. Buckingham maintains his innocence and proclaims his loyalty to the King, but is taken away to await trial. The scene ends with the gentleman reflecting on the fleeting nature of power and the inevitability of downfall.
Enter KATHARINE, Dowager, sick; led between GRIFFITH, her gentleman usher, and PATIENCE, her woman
Sad and solemn music
The vision. Enter, solemnly tripping one after another, six personages, clad in white robes, wearing on their heads garlands of bays, and golden vizards on their faces; branches of bays or palm in their hands. They first congee unto her, then dance; and, at certain changes, the first two hold a spare garland over her head; at which the other four make reverent curtsies; then the two that held the garland deliver the same to the other next two, who observe the same order in their changes, and holding the garland over her head: which done, they deliver the same garland to the last two, who likewise observe the same order: at which, as it were by inspiration, she makes in her sleep signs of rejoicing, and holdeth up her hands to heaven: and so in their dancing vanish, carrying the garland with them. The music continues
Music ceases
Enter a Messenger
Giving it to KATHARINE
Exeunt, leading KATHARINE
Act V
Act 5 of Henry VIII begins with the trial of the Duke of Buckingham, who has been accused of treason. Despite proclaiming his innocence, he is found guilty and sentenced to death. However, the King shows mercy and changes the sentence to exile.
Meanwhile, the Queen gives birth to a baby girl, but she is very ill and not expected to survive. The King prays for her recovery, and she miraculously begins to improve. The King and Queen are overjoyed and name the baby Elizabeth.
As celebrations of the baby's birth are underway, news arrives that the French have declared war on England. The King leaves to lead his army, and the Queen is left behind to govern in his absence.
Cardinal Wolsey, who has been a prominent figure throughout the play, is now in disgrace. He is stripped of his titles and banished from the court. He reflects on his downfall and realizes that his own ambition has been his undoing.
The play ends with the birth of Princess Elizabeth being hailed as a sign of hope for the future of England. The King returns victorious from the war, and the court celebrates the peace that has been achieved.
SCENE I. London. A gallery in the palace.
In Scene 1 of Act 5, two gentlemen discuss the upcoming trial of Queen Katherine, who has been accused of adultery and treason by her husband, King Henry VIII. The gentlemen express sympathy for Katherine, who they believe is innocent and has been mistreated by the king. They also discuss the political implications of the trial, noting that it could lead to unrest and rebellion among the common people. As they speak, a group of lords and bishops enter, including the Duke of Norfolk and the Archbishop of Canterbury. They discuss the trial and express their support for the king's decision to divorce Katherine and marry his new love, Anne Boleyn. The Archbishop of Canterbury argues that the king's actions are justified under the law and that Katherine's refusal to accept the divorce is treason. The gentlemen challenge the archbishop's arguments, pointing out the inconsistencies in the case against Katherine and the lack of evidence of her guilt. However, the lords and bishops are unmoved, and the scene ends with the group preparing to attend the trial and deliver their verdict.
Enter GARDINER, Bishop of Winchester, a Page with a torch before him, met by LOVELL
Exeunt GARDINER and Page
Enter KING HENRY VIII and SUFFOLK
Exit DENNY
Re-enter DENNY, with CRANMER
Exeunt LOVELL and DENNY
Enter Old Lady, LOVELL following
Exit
Exeunt
SCENE II. Before the council-chamber. Pursuivants, Pages, c. attending.
In Scene 2 of Act 5, two gentlemen discuss the upcoming trial of Queen Katherine. They speculate about the outcome and the potential consequences for the kingdom. The gentlemen are interrupted by the arrival of the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Suffolk, who bring news that the Queen is very ill and may not survive much longer. Despite her illness, the King has ordered that the trial proceed as planned. The Duke of Norfolk expresses his concern about the Queen's health and his own discomfort with the situation, but the Duke of Suffolk is more pragmatic and argues that the trial must go on to ensure the stability of the kingdom. The gentlemen continue to discuss the possible outcomes of the trial, with some believing that the Queen will be found guilty and others believing that she will be acquitted. They also discuss the potential impact on the King's relationship with the Catholic Church, as well as the political implications of the trial. As the discussion continues, the gentlemen are joined by the Lord Chamberlain and Sir Thomas Lovell. They discuss the Queen's illness and the King's reaction to it, as well as the possibility of a new marriage for the King if the Queen is found guilty and their marriage is annulled. The scene ends with the gentlemen expressing their hope that the Queen will recover and the trial will be called off, but also acknowledging the possibility that things may not go as they hope.
Enter CRANMER
Enter Keeper
Enter DOCTOR BUTTS
Exit
Enter the KING HENRY VIII and DOCTOR BUTTS at a window above
Exeunt
SCENE III. The Council-Chamber.
Scene 3 of Act 5 takes place at the palace in London. Archbishop Cranmer is brought before the Privy Council to face charges of heresy. He is accused of promoting false doctrines and is informed that he will be stripped of his office and executed. Cranmer pleads his case, but the council members are unmoved. However, the Duke of Norfolk suggests that they seek the King's opinion before carrying out the sentence. The council agrees and sends for King Henry VIII. Meanwhile, Cranmer is left alone to contemplate his impending death. He reflects on his life, confesses his sins, and prays for forgiveness. He then prepares himself for execution. When King Henry arrives, he is informed of the situation and asked for his judgment. To everyone's surprise, the King orders that Cranmer be released and his sentence be commuted to house arrest. He explains that he had a dream in which Cranmer appeared to him and prophesied that he would have a son. The King believes that this dream is a sign of Cranmer's innocence and decides to spare his life. The council members are shocked by the King's decision, but they obey his orders. Cranmer is released and taken to the Tower of London, where he will spend the rest of his days in relative comfort.
Enter Chancellor; places himself at the upper end of the table on the left hand; a seat being left void above him, as for CRANMER's seat. SUFFOLK, NORFOLK, SURREY, Chamberlain, GARDINER, seat themselves in order on each side. CROMWELL at lower end, as secretary. Keeper at the door
CRANMER enters and approaches the council-table
Enter Guard
Enter KING, frowning on them; takes his seat
Exeunt
SCENE IV. The palace yard.
Scene 4 of Act 5 begins with the entrance of Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who has been sentenced to death for treason by King Henry VIII. Cranmer is brought before the King and his council, where he is asked to retract his beliefs and confess to his treasonous acts. However, Cranmer refuses to do so and instead delivers a powerful speech about his faith and his loyalty to God. He proclaims that he has always been true to his conscience and that he is willing to die for his beliefs. The King and his council are moved by Cranmer's words, and they begin to question the validity of his sentence. After some discussion, they decide to spare Cranmer's life and instead grant him a pardon. Cranmer is overjoyed at this news and thanks the King and his council for their mercy. He then delivers a final speech, in which he expresses his gratitude to God for saving him and declares that he will continue to serve his faith with all his heart. The scene ends with Cranmer being escorted away by the guards, while the King and his council reflect on the power of faith and the importance of mercy and forgiveness.
Noise and tumult within. Enter Porter and his Man
Enter Chamberlain
Exeunt
SCENE V. The palace.
Scene 5 of Act 5 takes place in the palace of Whitehall. The Duke of Norfolk and Sir Thomas Lovell discuss the recent events surrounding the fall of Cardinal Wolsey and the rise of Thomas Cromwell in power. They express their concerns about the direction the country is taking under the influence of Cromwell and Henry VIII's new queen, Anne Boleyn. The conversation is interrupted by the entrance of Cranmer, the newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, and his attendant. Cranmer brings news of a prophetic dream he had the night before, in which he saw a vision of angels crowning Henry VIII as the true defender of the faith. Norfolk and Lovell are skeptical of the dream and question Cranmer's motives. Cranmer defends himself, stating that he is loyal to the king and wants only what is best for England. He reminds them of the importance of unity and advises them to put aside their personal grievances and work towards the common good. The scene ends with Cranmer departing, leaving Norfolk and Lovell to ponder his words and the uncertain future of England under the rule of Henry VIII and his advisors.
Enter trumpets, sounding; then two Aldermen, Lord Mayor, Garter, CRANMER, NORFOLK with his marshal's staff, SUFFOLK, two Noblemen bearing great standing-bowls for the christening-gifts; then four Noblemen bearing a canopy, under which the Duchess of Norfolk, godmother, bearing the child richly habited in a mantle, c., train borne by a Lady; then follows the Marchioness Dorset, the other godmother, and Ladies. The troop pass once about the stage, and Garter speaks
Flourish. Enter KING HENRY VIII and Guard
Exeunt