Love's Labour's Lost
by
William Shakespeare
Love's Labour's Lost is a play about four young men who vow to give up all pleasures in order to focus on their studies. The King of Navarre and his three companions, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine, swear to avoid all distractions, including women, for three years. However, their plans are quickly derailed when the Princess of France and her ladies arrive on a diplomatic mission.
The men are immediately smitten with the women and struggle to keep their oath. Berowne is particularly conflicted, as he falls in love with Rosaline, one of the ladies. The women are initially uninterested in the men, but eventually, they too fall in love. However, complications arise when news arrives that the King of France has died, and the Princess and her ladies must return home.
The men decide to send love letters to the women, but their plan is foiled by a clown named Costard, who delivers the wrong letters to the wrong people. The women discover the deception and are initially angry, but eventually, all is forgiven. The play ends with the men and women reconciled and ready to continue their study of love.
Act I
In Act 1 of Love's Labour's Lost, we are introduced to the King of Navarre and his three companions, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine. They have taken an oath to study and fast for three years, avoiding the company of women. However, their plans are disrupted when the Princess of France arrives with her three ladies-in-waiting, Rosaline, Maria, and Katherine.
The King and his companions are immediately smitten with the ladies and struggle to keep their oath. Meanwhile, a Spanish nobleman, Don Armado, is also vying for the affections of Jaquenetta, a country maid. He enlists the help of a local clown, Costard, to deliver love letters to her.
The King and his companions decide to woo the ladies by disguising themselves as Russians. However, their plan is foiled when the ladies reveal that they have already discovered their true identities. The act ends with the King and his companions each writing a love letter to their respective lady loves.
Overall, Act 1 sets up the main conflict of the play, which is the struggle between the oath of the men and their desire for love. It also introduces several comedic subplots and characters, such as Don Armado and Costard.
SCENE I. The king of Navarre's park.
Scene 1 of Act 1 of Love's Labour's Lost centers around the King of Navarre and his three companions, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine, who have made a vow to dedicate themselves to three years of study and celibacy. The King proposes that they swear an oath to uphold this vow, which they all agree to do. However, their oath is quickly tested when the Princess of France and her ladies arrive on a diplomatic mission. The King and his companions are immediately smitten with the ladies and struggle to maintain their vow of celibacy in the face of temptation. The scene ends with the four men each secretly revealing their love for one of the ladies, setting the stage for the complications and misunderstandings that will follow.
Enter FERDINAND king of Navarre, BIRON, LONGAVILLE and DUMAIN
Enter DULL with a letter, and COSTARD
Exeunt FERDINAND, LONGAVILLE, and DUMAIN
Exeunt
SCENE II. The same.
Scene 2 of Act 1 of Love's Labour's Lost depicts the arrival of the Princess of France and her entourage at the court of Navarre. The Princess and her three attendants, Rosaline, Maria, and Katherine, are met by the King of Navarre and his three companions, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine. The King welcomes the Princess and her ladies and invites them to stay at his court for a month. He explains that during this time, they will focus on their studies and avoid all distractions, including women. The Princess is amused by this idea and challenges the King to keep his word. As they continue to converse, the Princess and her ladies tease the King and his companions, making fun of their attempts to swear off women. Berowne, in particular, seems to be struggling with the oath, and he engages in witty banter with Rosaline. The conversation eventually turns to the topic of love, and the King suggests that they should all write sonnets to express their feelings. The Princess agrees to the challenge and proposes that they will read each other's sonnets at the end of the month. The scene ends with the Princess and her ladies departing to settle into their lodgings. The King and his companions are left to ponder the challenge they have just accepted and the difficulties they will face in keeping their oath to avoid all distractions for a month.
Enter DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO and MOTH
Enter DULL, COSTARD, and JAQUENETTA
Exeunt DULL and JAQUENETTA
Exeunt MOTH and COSTARD
Exit
Act II
In Act 2 of Love's Labour's Lost, the King of Navarre and his three friends, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine, have all sworn an oath to study for three years and avoid all distractions, including women. However, when the Princess of France and her three ladies arrive on a diplomatic mission, the men quickly forget their promise and become infatuated with the women.
Berowne, the most skeptical of the group, initially resists his feelings but eventually succumbs and writes a love letter to Rosaline, one of the ladies. Unfortunately for him, the letter is intercepted by the other men and they all end up confessing their love for the women.
In the meantime, the clown Costard has been tasked with delivering a letter from Berowne to Jaquenetta, a local village girl. However, he accidentally delivers the wrong letter, which turns out to be a love letter from the foolish Spaniard, Don Armado, to Jaquenetta.
The act ends with the men planning to woo the women in disguise and the arrival of a messenger with news that the King of France has died, forcing the Princess and her ladies to leave Navarre immediately.
SCENE I. The same.
In Scene 1 of Act 2, a group of four young men, the King of Navarre, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine, discuss their decision to swear off women and focus on their studies for three years. The King proposes that they should also fast and sleep little to stay focused. Berowne, however, points out the impracticality of their plan, stating that they cannot control their hearts and their desires. Dumaine and Longaville both agree with Berowne, but the King insists that they must stick to their vow. As they continue to debate, Costard, a country clown, arrives with a letter from Don Armado, a Spanish nobleman who is visiting the court. The letter reveals that Don Armado has fallen in love with a country maid named Jaquenetta and wants Costard to deliver a love letter to her. The King is furious that Don Armado has broken their vow and orders Costard to be punished. However, Berowne points out the hypocrisy of their situation and suggests that they should all confess their own love interests. The King reluctantly agrees, and they all reveal that they have secretly fallen in love with the Princess of France and her three attendants. Just as they are discussing their predicament, the Princess and her attendants arrive at the court. The King welcomes them and attempts to hide their feelings of love. However, the Princess and her attendants quickly catch on and tease the men about their vow. They also reveal that they have received the love letters from the men and are amused by their attempts at courtship. The scene ends with the men attempting to woo the women with their wit and charm.
Enter the PRINCESS of France, ROSALINE, MARIA, KATHARINE, BOYET, Lords, and other Attendants
Re-enter BOYET
Enter FERDINAND, LONGAVILLE, DUMAIN, BIRON, and Attendants
Exit
Retiring
Exit
Exit LONGAVILLE
Exit BIRON
Offering to kiss her
Exeunt
Act III
Act 3 of Love's Labour's Lost sees the King of Navarre and his three companions attempting to woo the Princess of France and her three ladies. The men disguise themselves as Russians and present themselves to the women, who are initially skeptical but eventually play along. However, the women ultimately see through the ruse and leave the men feeling foolish.
Meanwhile, a subplot involving the comic characters Costard and Armado continues to unfold. Costard has been caught in a love triangle between two women, Jaquenetta and the country wench. Armado, who is in love with Jaquenetta, tries to intervene and ends up challenging Costard to a duel. However, the foolishness of the situation is highlighted when it is revealed that neither man knows how to properly duel.
The act ends with the men attempting to reconcile with the women, but the Princess of France remains unimpressed with their attempts at courtship. The women leave and the men are left to contemplate their failures and the consequences of their actions.
SCENE I. The same.
In Scene 1 of Act 3 of Love's Labour's Lost, a group of noblemen are discussing their progress in abstaining from women and dedicating themselves to study. However, it becomes evident that each of them has fallen for a woman: the King for the Princess of France, Dumaine for Katherine, Longaville for Maria, and Berowne for Rosaline. They try to hide their feelings from each other, but eventually, they all confess to their love interests and decide to break their oath of abstinence. The King sends a message to the Princess, inviting her and her ladies to visit them. Just as they make this decision, a messenger arrives with news that the Princess's father has died, and they must return to France. The noblemen are disappointed but vow to continue their studies and wait for the women to return. The scene ends with a comedic exchange between Berowne and the others, where he declares that they will all swear an oath to keep their love secret and continue their studies. However, he secretly reveals to the audience that he plans to write a sonnet to Rosaline and break the oath himself.
Enter DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO and MOTH
Singing
Exit
Re-enter MOTH with COSTARD
Exit
Enter BIRON
Giving him a shilling
Exit
Exit
Act IV
Act 4 of Love's Labour's Lost sees the four male protagonists, who have sworn to abstain from the company of women for three years, each receive a love letter from one of the four women they have fallen for. The women, who have disguised themselves as Russian ambassadors, declare their love for the men and ask them to meet in the park that night.
The men are thrilled to receive the letters but are also anxious about breaking their oath. They discuss their predicament and decide to meet the women in the park, pretending to be someone else. They choose ridiculous disguises, with one dressing up as a Russian, another as a Spaniard, and so on.
Meanwhile, a comic subplot involves the schoolmaster Holofernes and the curate Sir Nathaniel, who are trying to prepare a play for the entertainment of the court. However, their attempts at wit and humor fall flat, and they are ridiculed by the other characters.
The play ends with the men and women meeting in the park, where they reveal their true identities and profess their love for each other. The King of Navarre realizes that their oath was foolish and agrees to marry the Princess of France, while the other couples pair off happily.
SCENE I. The same.
Scene 1 of Act 4 is set in a park outside the King's palace. The King and his lords are discussing their progress in their self-imposed mission to avoid women for three years and devote themselves to study and self-improvement. However, they admit that they have all failed in their mission and have each fallen in love with a woman. The King is in love with the Princess of France, while his lords are in love with her ladies-in-waiting. As they are discussing their predicament, the Princess and her ladies enter the park. The King greets them warmly and tries to hide his feelings for the Princess, but it is clear that they are both smitten with each other. The Princess tells the King that she has come to collect the money he promised her father, but he avoids the subject and instead asks her to stay and enjoy the park with him and his lords. The Princess agrees to stay, but only if the King and his lords can entertain her and her ladies with a display of wit and intelligence. The King agrees and they engage in a wordplay competition, with each trying to outdo the other in cleverness and puns. However, the Princess and her ladies prove to be just as witty and the competition ends in a draw. As the scene ends, the Princess and her ladies depart, leaving the King and his lords to reflect on their newfound love and the futility of their previous mission.
Enter the PRINCESS, and her train, a Forester, BOYET, ROSALINE, MARIA, and KATHARINE
Enter COSTARD
Reads
Exeunt PRINCESS and train
Exeunt ROSALINE and KATHARINE
Exeunt BOYET and MARIA
Shout within
Exit COSTARD, running
SCENE II. The same.
Scene 2 of Act 4 features the King of Navarre, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine, who are all in disguise as Russian ambassadors. They are waiting for the arrival of the Princess of France and her ladies, who have come to discuss the terms of the King's proposed courtship. The King is anxious to see the Princess, but he is also worried about being caught in his disguise. As they await the Princess's arrival, the King and his friends engage in a series of witty and playful conversations. They discuss the nature of love, the power of language, and the importance of honesty. Berowne, in particular, is skeptical of the King's plan to woo the Princess, arguing that love cannot be forced or controlled. When the Princess and her ladies arrive, the King and his friends attempt to maintain their disguise, but they are quickly found out. The Princess is amused by their antics, and she and the King engage in a playful battle of wits. Eventually, the King admits his true identity and confesses his love for the Princess. Although the Princess is initially skeptical of the King's sincerity, she ultimately agrees to consider his proposal. The scene ends with the King and his friends reflecting on the power of love and the joy it brings.
Enter HOLOFERNES, SIR NATHANIEL, and DULL
Enter JAQUENETTA and COSTARD
Exeunt COSTARD and JAQUENETTA
Exeunt
SCENE III. The same.
In Scene 3 of Act 4 of Love's Labour's Lost, the King of Navarre and his companions meet with the Princess of France and her ladies. They engage in a game of wit and wordplay, with each trying to outdo the other in cleverness. The King and his companions try to impress the ladies with their knowledge and wit, but the Princess and her ladies prove to be equally clever. As the game continues, the King and his companions begin to feel a sense of unease. They have all taken an oath to avoid the company of women for three years in order to focus on their studies, but their attraction to the Princess and her ladies is becoming harder to resist. The Princess and her ladies, meanwhile, are enjoying the game and the attention they are receiving from the men. As the scene comes to a close, the King and his companions are left to ponder their conflicting desires. They want to maintain their oath and focus on their studies, but they are also drawn to the Princess and her ladies. The tension between these desires sets the stage for the rest of the play, as the characters struggle to reconcile their intellectual pursuits with their emotional needs.
Enter BIRON, with a paper
Stands aside
Enter FERDINAND, with a paper
Enter LONGAVILLE, with a paper
Steps aside
Enter JAQUENETTA and COSTARD
BIRON tears the letter
Gathering up the pieces
Exeunt COSTARD and JAQUENETTA
Exeunt
Act V
In Act 5 of Love's Labour's Lost, the King and his companions are dressed as Muscovites to surprise the Princess and her ladies. They present themselves as ambassadors and perform a play for the women.
During the play, the Princess and her ladies tease the men by pretending to misunderstand their language. However, the men reveal themselves and confess their love for the women.
The women are initially angry and refuse to accept the men’s love, but they eventually relent and agree to marry them. However, before the men can celebrate, news arrives that the King of France has died, and the Princess and her ladies must leave to mourn.
The play ends with the men promising to wait for the women’s return and to continue their studies and improve themselves.
SCENE I. The same.
Scene 1 of Act 5 begins with a conversation between two characters, Holofernes and Sir Nathaniel. They are discussing the upcoming performance of a play and the potential issues that may arise due to the lack of preparation from the actors. They are soon joined by another character, Dull, who brings news of a fight that has broken out between two of the other characters, Armado and Costard. The three men then discuss the fight and the potential consequences it may have on the upcoming performance. As they continue to talk, they are interrupted by the arrival of the Princess of France and her attendants. The men greet them and engage in a witty conversation, with the Princess and her attendants using their intelligence and wit to match that of the men. The conversation eventually turns to the topic of love, with each character sharing their thoughts and experiences on the subject. As the scene comes to a close, the Princess and her attendants leave, and the men are left to reflect on the conversation they just had. It is clear that the encounter has left an impression on them, and they continue to ponder the nature of love as the scene concludes.
Enter HOLOFERNES, SIR NATHANIEL, and DULL
Draws out his table-book
Enter DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO, MOTH, and COSTARD
To MOTH
Exeunt
SCENE II. The same.
In Scene 2 of Act 5, the King of Navarre, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumaine all arrive in the park dressed as Muscovites. Boyet, who is escorting the Princess of France and her ladies, informs them that the "Muscovites" would like to entertain them with a performance. The Princess and her ladies agree to watch the performance. Berowne starts the performance with a song, and then the four men act out a play that they wrote, in which they confess their love for the Princess and her ladies. The ladies are offended by the play and leave. The men are left alone and realize their foolishness in trying to hide their love and deceive the women. They vow to give up their study and devote themselves to wooing the women properly. They then meet the women again and apologize for their behavior. The women, though still angry, forgive them and agree to marry them in a year's time. The play ends with a song and dance, celebrating the newfound love between the men and women.
Enter the PRINCESS, KATHARINE, ROSALINE, and MARIA
Enter BOYET
Trumpets sound within
The Ladies mask
Enter Blackamoors with music; MOTH; FERDINAND, BIRON, LONGAVILLE, and DUMAIN, in Russian habits, and masked
Exit MOTH
They converse apart
They converse apart
They converse apart
They converse apart
Exeunt PRINCESS, ROSALINE, KATHARINE, and MARIA
Re-enter FERDINAND, BIRON, LONGAVILLE, and DUMAIN, in their proper habits
Exit
Re-enter the PRINCESS, ushered by BOYET, ROSALINE, MARIA, and KATHARINE
Exit
Enter DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO
Converses apart with FERDINAND, and delivers him a paper
Exit
Enter COSTARD, for Pompey
Enter SIR NATHANIEL, for Alexander
Enter HOLOFERNES, for Judas; and MOTH, for Hercules
HOLOFERNES retires
Enter DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO, for Hector
Enter MERCADE
Exeunt Worthies
Re-enter DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO
Exeunt