The Comedy of Errors
by
William Shakespeare
The Comedy of Errors is a play about two sets of identical twins who were separated at birth. The story begins with Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, arriving in Ephesus, where their twin brothers, Antipholus of Ephesus and Dromio of Ephesus, live. The confusion begins when the townspeople mistake the visitors for their long-lost brothers.
Antipholus of Syracuse soon finds himself in trouble when he is mistaken for his twin and his wife, Adriana, accuses him of being unfaithful. Meanwhile, Dromio of Syracuse is repeatedly beaten by his twin's wife, who thinks he is the lazy servant who refuses to run errands for her.
The situation becomes even more complicated when a goldsmith demands payment from Antipholus of Ephesus for a chain he claims to have ordered. The real buyer was Antipholus of Syracuse, but the goldsmith has no idea that there are two sets of identical twins in Ephesus.
As the misunderstandings pile up, the twins finally meet each other and the truth is revealed. In the end, all is forgiven and the two pairs of twins are reunited.
Act I
Act 1 of The Comedy of Errors begins with Aegeon, a merchant from Syracuse, being sentenced to death in Ephesus because he is from Syracuse, which is currently at war with Ephesus. Aegeon is given a day to find someone to pay the ransom for his release.
Meanwhile, Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant Dromio arrive in Ephesus, which is the home of their identical twin brothers, Antipholus of Ephesus and Dromio of Ephesus. The twins were separated at birth and have never met. The Syracusans are immediately mistaken for their Ephesian counterparts by the locals, who are confused by their identical appearances.
Antipholus of Syracuse becomes enamored with Luciana, the sister of his brother's wife, Adriana. Adriana believes her husband is cheating on her with another woman and becomes furious when she sees Antipholus of Syracuse with her sister. She drags him home and locks him in, believing him to be her husband.
Meanwhile, Dromio of Syracuse is sent to buy a rope, but is mistaken for Dromio of Ephesus and is beaten by his twin's wife, Nell.
The confusion continues as Antipholus of Ephesus returns home to find the doors locked and is denied entry by his own wife. He then encounters his twin brother's mistress, who gives him a chain that was intended for Antipholus of Syracuse.
The act ends with Aegeon recognizing the Syracusans and attempting to explain their presence in Ephesus, but he is interrupted by the arrival of officers who are sent to arrest him.
SCENE I. A hall in DUKE SOLINUS'S palace.
Scene 1 of Act 1 takes place in a busy marketplace in the city of Ephesus. A merchant named Aegeon is brought before the Duke of Ephesus and sentenced to death for violating the laws of the city by entering it as a Syracusan. Aegeon explains that he is from Syracuse and is searching for his wife and twin sons, who were separated from him during a shipwreck many years ago. The Duke is moved by Aegeon's story and grants him one day to find someone to pay his ransom or else he will be executed. Aegeon agrees and laments his misfortune, wondering if he will ever be reunited with his family. As the scene ends, we see two pairs of twins, both named Antipholus and Dromio, who have been separated from each other since birth. One pair is from Syracuse and the other from Ephesus. They have arrived in the marketplace and are immediately mistaken for each other, leading to a series of comedic misunderstandings and mistaken identities.
Enter DUKE SOLINUS, AEGEON, Gaoler, Officers, and other Attendants
Exeunt
SCENE II. The Mart.
Scene 2 of Act 1 features a conversation between Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse. They are both newcomers to the city of Ephesus and are confused by the strange behavior of the locals, who seem to know them despite their never having visited the city before. Antipholus of Syracuse is searching for his long-lost twin brother, whom he believes to be in Ephesus, and enlists Dromio's help in finding him. Dromio of Syracuse recounts a strange encounter he had with Antipholus of Ephesus's wife, who mistook him for her husband's servant and gave him a valuable gold chain to deliver to her husband. Antipholus of Syracuse becomes intrigued by the possibility that his brother may be wealthy and well-respected in the city. As they continue to wander through the city, Antipholus of Syracuse is mistaken for his twin brother by various people, including a merchant who insists that he owes him money for a debt he doesn't remember owing. The confusion and mistaken identities continue to pile up, creating a comedic and chaotic atmosphere in the city.
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse, DROMIO of Syracuse, and First Merchant
Exit
Exit
Exit
Exit
Act II
In Act 2 of The Comedy of Errors, Antipholus of Syracuse continues his search for his lost twin brother and his mother. He meets a courtesan who mistakes him for his twin brother, Antipholus of Ephesus, and invites him to her house. Meanwhile, his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, is also mistaken for his twin brother's servant, Dromio of Ephesus, and is beaten by Antipholus of Ephesus for not delivering a message.
Antipholus of Syracuse is bewitched by the courtesan and decides to buy a gold chain from a jeweler to give to her. However, he is unable to pay for it and leaves it with the jeweler. When Antipholus of Ephesus arrives at the jeweler's shop, he is mistaken for his twin brother and the jeweler gives him the gold chain.
Meanwhile, Adriana, the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus, is angry with her husband for not coming home for dinner. She mistakenly believes that Antipholus of Syracuse is her husband and invites him into her home. When Antipholus of Ephesus and his servant, Dromio of Ephesus, arrive, they are denied entry and are accused of being drunk and mad.
The confusion and mistaken identity continue to escalate as the two sets of twins cross paths and are mistaken for one another. The act ends with Antipholus of Syracuse being arrested for not paying the jeweler for the gold chain and Antipholus of Ephesus being locked out of his own home.
SCENE I. The house of ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus.
Act 2 Scene 1 of The Comedy of Errors is set in a public marketplace in Ephesus. Antipholus of Syracuse, a visitor to the town, is accompanied by his servant, Dromio of Syracuse. They are looking for a place to eat and rest. Antipholus sees a goldsmith's shop and decides to go in. He asks the goldsmith, Angelo, to show him some of his wares. Angelo shows him a chain, which Antipholus admires. Angelo tells him that the chain is not for sale, but Antipholus insists on buying it. Angelo agrees to sell it to him for a hundred marks. Antipholus sends Dromio to their lodging to fetch the money for the chain. While Dromio is gone, Antipholus runs into his twin brother, Antipholus of Ephesus, who is a resident of the town. Antipholus of Ephesus is surprised to see his brother and asks him why he has come to Ephesus. Antipholus of Syracuse is confused by his brother's familiarity with him and denies knowing him. Meanwhile, Dromio of Ephesus, the servant of Antipholus of Ephesus, arrives at the goldsmith's shop to deliver a message from his master. Angelo mistakes him for Dromio of Syracuse and gives him the chain that Antipholus of Syracuse has just purchased. Dromio of Ephesus is confused by this and tries to explain that he is not the person Angelo thinks he is. When Dromio of Syracuse returns with the money, he is confused to find his master with a chain he did not have before. Antipholus of Syracuse is also confused by the arrival of his brother's servant. The two Dromios begin to argue and Antipholus of Syracuse becomes angry with his servant. The scene ends with both Antipholus twins and their respective Dromios confused about what is happening.
Enter ADRIANA and LUCIANA
Enter DROMIO of Ephesus
Exit
Exeunt
SCENE II. A public place.
Scene 2 of Act 2 takes place in a market-place where Antipholus of Syracuse is conversing with a merchant. The merchant advises him to buy a beautiful chain for his wife as a gift. Antipholus sees the chain and likes it. He asks the merchant about the price, but the merchant refuses to sell it to him, mistaking him for Antipholus of Ephesus. The merchant tells Antipholus that he has already bought the chain from him and owes him the money. Antipholus is confused and denies having bought the chain. The merchant insists and takes Antipholus to Angelo, a goldsmith, to whom he sold the chain. Angelo, too, mistakes Antipholus for his Ephesian counterpart and demands payment for the chain. Antipholus is outraged and refuses to pay, as he has not bought the chain. Angelo calls the police to arrest him, but Antipholus escapes. The confusion is further compounded when Dromio of Syracuse arrives and mistakes Antipholus for his master. Antipholus sends him to their inn to fetch some money, but Dromio is stopped by Angelo, who beats him for not paying for the chain. Dromio runs back to Antipholus and tells him about the incident, adding to the confusion. Antipholus realizes that he is in a strange city, where everyone seems to know him and his brother. He wonders if he is going mad and decides to leave the city. Meanwhile, Adriana, Antipholus of Ephesus' wife, is worried about her husband's absence and sends her sister Luciana to find him. Luciana meets Antipholus of Syracuse and mistakes him for her brother-in-law. She tries to persuade him to come back to his wife, but he falls in love with her and kisses her. Luciana is shocked and runs away, leaving Antipholus more confused than ever.
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse
Beating him
Enter ADRIANA and LUCIANA
Exeunt
Act III
Act 3 of The Comedy of Errors begins with Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, trying to leave the city of Ephesus. However, they are stopped by Angelo, a goldsmith, who demands payment for a chain that Antipholus supposedly ordered. Antipholus denies having ordered the chain and refuses to pay, leading to a confrontation between the two.
Meanwhile, Antipholus of Ephesus returns home to find his wife, Adriana, upset and accusing him of being unfaithful. She also tells him that his servant, Dromio of Ephesus, has been acting strangely. Antipholus of Ephesus is confused by her accusations and decides to go to a nearby abbey for refuge.
At the abbey, Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse run into Adriana and her sister, Luciana. Antipholus of Syracuse is immediately smitten with Luciana and tries to woo her, much to her confusion and discomfort. Dromio of Syracuse, on the other hand, is mistaken for his twin and is beaten by Adriana for not returning home earlier.
In the final scene of Act 3, Antipholus of Ephesus returns home with a conjurer named Dr. Pinch, who is supposed to exorcise his supposed madness. However, Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse mistake Dr. Pinch for a thief and beat him. The scene ends with the two sets of twins facing each other, leading to confusion and hilarity.
SCENE I. Before the house of ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus.
Scene 1 of Act 3 opens with Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant Dromio of Syracuse discussing their current situation. Antipholus is frustrated with the strange behavior of the people in the town and believes that everyone is playing a prank on him. Dromio tries to calm him down and suggests that they leave the town as soon as possible. As they are talking, Antipholus sees Angelo, a goldsmith, and asks him to give him a chain that he had ordered. Angelo denies knowing him and accuses him of joking. Antipholus becomes angry and threatens Angelo, who runs away. Antipholus and Dromio are confused and don't understand why Angelo is acting this way. Moments later, Adriana, the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus, enters the scene with Luciana, her sister. Adriana mistakes Antipholus of Syracuse for her husband and demands to know why he has been ignoring her and going out with other women. Antipholus denies knowing her and tries to leave, but Adriana and Luciana follow him, still trying to convince him that he is her husband. Meanwhile, Antipholus of Ephesus arrives with his own Dromio and is also confused when he is mistaken for his twin brother. The two sets of twins argue and accuse each other of being imposters. Eventually, Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse are arrested and taken away. The scene is full of confusion and mistaken identities, as the characters struggle to understand what is happening around them. It sets the stage for the rest of the play, which is filled with comic misunderstandings and miscommunications.
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus, DROMIO of Ephesus, ANGELO, and BALTHAZAR
Exeunt
SCENE II. The same.
In Scene 2 of Act 3, a merchant named Angelo enters the stage looking for Antipholus of Syracuse. He mistakes Antipholus of Ephesus for the man he is looking for and gives him a gold chain that Angelo has been holding for Antipholus of Syracuse. Antipholus of Ephesus denies ever owing Angelo any money and refuses to take the chain. Angelo becomes angry and threatens to have Antipholus of Ephesus arrested. Meanwhile, Dromio of Syracuse enters the stage and mistakes Antipholus of Ephesus for his master. He tells him that he has found a ship and urges him to come and see it. Antipholus of Ephesus becomes even more confused and frustrated by the situation and accuses Dromio of playing a prank on him. The confusion continues as Adriana, the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus, enters the stage looking for her husband. She mistakes Antipholus of Syracuse for her husband and invites him to dinner. Antipholus of Syracuse is confused but accepts the invitation. The scene ends with Antipholus of Ephesus being arrested and taken away by the Duke's officer, while Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse are left to try to make sense of the chaotic situation they have found themselves in.
Enter LUCIANA and ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse
Exit
Enter DROMIO of Syracuse
Exit
Enter ANGELO with the chain
Exit
Exit
Act IV
Act 4 of The Comedy of Errors follows the confusion and mishaps caused by the mistaken identity of the two sets of twin brothers. In this act, Antipholus of Ephesus, who is unaware that his twin brother and his servant are in the city, becomes frustrated and angry when everyone he meets claims to know him and demands money from him.
Meanwhile, Adriana, the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus, is convinced that her husband is having an affair with another woman and has him arrested. However, when Antipholus of Syracuse (the twin brother) arrives with Dromio of Syracuse, the confusion becomes even more intense. The two sets of twins are mistaken for each other, leading to a series of hilarious misunderstandings.
As the chaos continues, the Abbess (who is revealed to be the mother of the Antipholus twins) intervenes and reunites the brothers. The play ends with the revelation that the Abbess's husband (the father of the twins) had also been searching for them for many years.
SCENE I. A public place.
Act 4, Scene 1 of The Comedy of Errors opens with a conversation between the Duke of Ephesus and Aegeon. Aegeon, a merchant from Syracuse, is being sentenced to death for violating the law that forbids Syracusian merchants from entering Ephesus. The Duke is moved by Aegeon's sad story and gives him a day to raise the ransom money or face death. Aegeon's sons, Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant Dromio of Syracuse, arrive in Ephesus searching for their twin brothers who were lost at sea many years ago. They are mistaken for their counterparts, Antipholus of Ephesus and Dromio of Ephesus, and are welcomed by their friends and families. Antipholus of Syracuse falls in love with Adriana, the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus, and she mistakes him for her husband. She then locks him out of their home, believing him to be insane. In Scene 1 of Act 4, Antipholus of Ephesus and Dromio of Ephesus return home to find the doors locked and are denied entry by Adriana. They are confused by her behavior and wonder if they have been cursed. They encounter Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse who they believe to be imposters and beat them. The confusion intensifies when Adriana's sister Luciana mistakes Antipholus of Syracuse for her brother-in-law and confesses her love for him. Antipholus of Syracuse, still believing himself to be Antipholus of Syracuse, is taken aback by her confession. The scene ends with Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse being arrested for their supposed crimes. Aegeon appears, still searching for his sons, and is also arrested. The stage is set for the final act of the play where the twins are finally reunited and all misunderstandings are resolved.
Enter Second Merchant, ANGELO, and an Officer
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus and DROMIO of Ephesus from the courtezan's
Exit
Enter DROMIO of Syracuse, from the bay
Exeunt Second Merchant, Angelo, Officer, and Antipholus of Ephesus
Exit
SCENE II. The house of ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus.
Scene 2 of Act 4 takes place in a public square, where Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, are being pursued by Angelo, a goldsmith, and a group of other merchants. They accuse Antipholus of Syracuse of owing them money for a chain he supposedly ordered from Angelo. Antipholus denies ever ordering a chain and refuses to pay for it. Angelo becomes angry and threatens to have him arrested. Meanwhile, Antipholus of Ephesus, who is unaware of his twin brother's presence in the city, arrives on the scene with his own servant, Dromio of Ephesus. He is surprised to see Angelo and the other merchants confronting his brother, and he mistakes him for his own servant. Antipholus of Syracuse is confused by the mix-up and denies knowing Antipholus of Ephesus or the merchants. This only angers Angelo and the other merchants further, and they begin to chase after Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse. As they are running away, Antipholus of Ephesus runs into his own wife, Adriana, and her sister, Luciana. He is upset that they are out in public unaccompanied and accuses them of being unfaithful. Adriana is confused by his behavior and tries to calm him down, but he insists on leaving with her immediately. Meanwhile, Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse hide in a nearby abbey to avoid being caught by the angry merchants.
Enter ADRIANA and LUCIANA
Enter DROMIO of Syracuse
Re-enter LUCIANA with a purse
Exeunt
SCENE III. A public place.
In Scene 3 of Act 4, a man named Angelo is trying to collect a debt from Antipholus of Ephesus. Antipholus denies owing him any money and accuses Angelo of being a fraudster. Meanwhile, Dromio of Ephesus arrives and tells Antipholus that he has found a ship ready to sail back to their home city. Antipholus orders Dromio to go and buy provisions for the journey. Angelo, now convinced that Antipholus is intentionally avoiding payment, decides to take matters into his own hands and goes to the local court to file a complaint. There, he encounters Antipholus of Syracuse, who is mistaken for Antipholus of Ephesus and is arrested by the officers. Meanwhile, Adriana and Luciana, the wives of the two Antipholus brothers, are worried about their husbands' whereabouts and decide to go out and search for them. They encounter Dromio of Syracuse, who mistakes them for his own mistress and sister-in-law, and tells them that their husbands are at a nearby inn. The women go to the inn and confront Antipholus of Syracuse, who denies knowing them. Confusion and chaos ensue as the characters continue to mistake each other for their counterparts. Finally, the Abbess, who is revealed to be the long-lost mother of the Antipholus brothers, arrives and clears up the confusion. The play ends with the characters reconciling and celebrating their newfound family ties.
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse
Enter DROMIO OF SYRACUSE
Enter a Courtezan
Exeunt Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse
Exit
SCENE IV. A street.
Scene 4 of Act 4 begins with Antipholus of Ephesus, who is unaware that his twin brother is in town, being confronted by his wife Adriana and her sister Luciana. They accuse him of being unfaithful and neglectful of his duties as a husband. Antipholus denies the accusations and demands to see his house and his servant, Dromio of Ephesus. However, when Dromio of Syracuse appears instead, Antipholus of Ephesus becomes enraged and accuses him of being a witch. Dromio of Syracuse, confused and frightened, tries to explain that he is not the man Antipholus is looking for, but Antipholus refuses to believe him and beats him. Eventually, Antipholus of Syracuse (the twin brother of Antipholus of Ephesus) appears and is mistaken for his brother by Adriana and Luciana. He is taken to Antipholus of Ephesus' house, where he is greeted by a courtesan named Nell who is expecting payment for services rendered. Antipholus of Syracuse has no idea what she is talking about and tries to leave, but is detained by the arrival of Angelo, a goldsmith who claims that Antipholus of Ephesus owes him money. Antipholus of Syracuse denies owing Angelo any money and is bewildered by the situation. Dromio of Syracuse, who is also being mistaken for his twin, tries to explain the confusion but is dismissed as a madman. The scene ends with Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse being arrested by a constable.
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus and the Officer
Beating him
Enter ADRIANA, LUCIANA, the Courtezan, and PINCH
Beating him
Striking him
Enter three or four, and offer to bind him. He strives
They offer to bind Dromio of Ephesus
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse with his rapier drawn, and DROMIO of Syracuse
Exeunt all but Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse
Exeunt
Act V
Act 5 of The Comedy of Errors begins with the Duke of Ephesus sentencing Egeon to death for illegally entering the city. However, Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant Dromio of Syracuse arrive and reveal their true identities, causing confusion and chaos. The Duke orders everyone to calm down and listen to their stories.
Antipholus of Syracuse explains that he and his servant Dromio were separated from their twin brothers years ago and have been searching for them ever since. He also reveals that he has fallen in love with Luciana, the sister of his brother's wife Adriana. Meanwhile, Antipholus of Ephesus and his servant Dromio of Ephesus arrive on the scene, causing even more confusion.
It is eventually revealed that the twin brothers were both named Antipholus and the twin servants were both named Dromio. The Duke is amazed by their story and pardons Egeon. Antipholus of Syracuse and Luciana confess their love for each other, while Antipholus of Ephesus is reconciled with his wife Adriana.
The play ends with a joyful reunion between the two sets of twins and a celebration of their newfound family ties.
SCENE I. A street before a Priory.
Scene 1 of Act 5 begins with the Duke of Ephesus discussing with his counselor, Egeon, the possibility of pardoning him. Egeon had been sentenced to death for entering Ephesus, a city that was at war with his hometown, Syracuse. The Duke reveals that he has received a letter from the Duke of Syracuse, who is also named Egeon, asking for his release. The Duke of Ephesus decides to grant Egeon's pardon and sends him on his way. As Egeon leaves, the Duke's wife, Adriana, enters with her sister, Luciana. Adriana is distressed because her husband, Antipholus of Ephesus, has been acting strangely and has been avoiding her. She believes that he is having an affair with another woman. Luciana tries to comfort her and advises her to be more loving and understanding towards her husband. Meanwhile, Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, are wandering around the city trying to find their twin brothers, Antipholus of Ephesus and Dromio of Ephesus. They are unaware that their twins are also in the city and that their presence is causing confusion and chaos among the people of Ephesus. As Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse continue their search, they encounter Adriana, who mistakes Antipholus of Syracuse for her husband. She invites him to come home with her, but he declines. Adriana is hurt and angry, and she accuses him of being unfaithful. Antipholus of Syracuse is confused by her accusations and decides to leave. As the scene comes to a close, Antipholus of Ephesus and Dromio of Ephesus enter, but they are not alone. They are accompanied by their twin brothers, Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse. The confusion and misunderstandings are finally resolved, and the characters are reunited with their true identities.
Enter Second Merchant and ANGELO
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse and DROMIO of Syracuse
They draw
Enter ADRIANA, LUCIANA, the Courtezan, and others
Exeunt Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Syracuse to the Priory
Enter the Lady Abbess, AEMILIA
Exit
Enter DUKE SOLINUS, attended; AEGEON bareheaded; with the Headsman and other Officers
Enter a Servant
Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Ephesus and DROMIO of Ephesus
Exit one to Abbess
Re-enter AEMILIA, with ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse and DROMIO of Syracuse
All gather to see them
Exeunt all but Antipholus of Syracuse, Antipholus of Ephesus, Dromio of Syracuse and Dromio of Ephesus
Exeunt Antipholus of Syracuse and Antipholus of Ephesus
Exeunt